B4 Use of guidance and feedback Flashcards
What is visual guidance?
Learner watches a model to form a mental image
A demonstration, pictures, charts, DVDs, boxes or guidance lines
What is an example of visual guidance?
demonstration of pass in rugby
What are the advantages of visual guidance?
Forms mental picture
Increases understanding of movement
Good at cognitive stage
What are the disadvantages of visual guidance?
Not effective if demonstration poor
Should be supported by verbal guidance to be effective
No feedback so less effective at autonomous stage
What is verbal guidance?
Learner is told what to do
Spoken instruction
Good for feedback
What is an example of verbal guidance?
telling a player which tactics to use
What are the advantages of verbal guidance?
Can focus on key aspects/most relevant cues
Helps to develop understanding of detail
Builds on knowledge gained by visual guidance
Good at autonomous stage
What are the disadvantages of verbal guidance?
Not effective if too much information given
Incorrect or unclear information could be given
Some skills too complex for verbal guidance alone e.g. somersault
Can be confusing at cognitive stage
What is manual guidance?
Learner is given physical support by teacher
Moving joints or limbs through movement
Manipulating learner’s body to try to develop kinesthesis
What is an example of manual guidance?
physical support during a forehand shot in tennis
What are the advantages of manual guidance?
Gives confidence/good for dangerous skills
Helps to develop more complex skills at autonomous stage
Feeling of the movement/kinesthesis + develops timing
Effective at cognitive stage
What are the disadvantages of manual guidance?
Learner can’t correct errors themselves
Close proximity of coach could be uncomfortable for learners/learner must trust coach
Ineffective if learner becomes reliant
Can limit proprioception
What is mechanical guidance?
Learner uses equipment or apparatus to help performance
Supporting the body through movement using apparatus to develop confidence
What is an example of mechanical guidance?
using a harness in trampolining
What are the advantages of mechanical guidance?
Gives confidence/good for dangerous skills
Helps to develop more complex skills at autonomous stage
Feeling of the movement/kinesthesis + develops timing
Effective at cognitive stage
What are the disadvantages of mechanical guidance?
Learner can’t correct errors themselves
Learner must trust apparatus/ see relevance
Ineffective if learner becomes reliant
May develop false confidence putting learner at risk
What are the types of feedback?
intrinsic
extrinsic
positive
negative
knowledge of results
knowledge of performance
What is intrinsic feedback?
information from internal sources e.g. kinesthesis enables the pole vaulter to adjust during performance
What is extrinsic feedback?
information from outside sources e.g. coach tells the learner how to play gold shot often after performance
What is positive feedback?
given by coach when movement is correct e.g. when controlling the ball in basketball
What is negative feedback?
given by the coach when movements is incorrect or could be improved e.g. when control of the ball is lost
What is knowledge of results?
information about the outcome of result of the movement
extrinsic
e.g. a pass in hockey
What is knowledge of performance?
information about the quality of the movement
can be extrinsic or intrinsic
e.g. a vault
What are the advantages of intrinsic feedback?
helps autonomous movers to correct movement
kinaesthetic feedback helps fluidity of movement
