Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pro Biology > B11 > Flashcards

B11 Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How do you send send information around the body other than nerves?

A

Using hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are hormones?

A

They are chemical messengers sent in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are hormones released?

A

Directly into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What particular organs do hormomes affect?

A

Target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do hormones control?

A

Things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hormomes produced in?

A

Endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effects do hormones tend to have.

A

Long lasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A
  • It produces many hormones that regulate body conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pituitary gland also called?

A

Master gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is it called master gland?

A

Because the hormomes act on other glands directing them to release organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Things about thyroid gland?

A

Produces thyroxine which is involved regulating rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Things about ovaries?

A

Only for females and produces oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Things about testes?

A

Produces testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Things about adrenal gland?

A

Produces adrenaline which is used for the body for flight of fight repsonse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Things about pancreas

A

Produces insulin which is used to regulate the blood glucose level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 6 glands?

A

Pituitary gland
Ovaries
Testes
Thyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Things about nerves?

A

Very fast action
Act for a very short time
Act on very precise area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Things about hormones?

A

Slower action
Act for a long time
Act in more a general way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What controls blood glucose levels?

A

Insulin and glucagon control blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does eating a food containing carbohydrate do?

A

Puts glucose into the blood from the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you remove glucose from the blood?

A
  • Normal metabolism of cells
  • vigorous activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can excess glucose be stored as?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens if blood glucose level is too high?

A

1) Pancreas detects blood glucose levels are too high
2) Pancreas releases insulin to the bloodstream
3) Insulin binds to the liver and body cells
4) Body cells take in more glucose for respiration and liver stores glucose as glycogen
5) Goes to homeostatus level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What if blood glucose level is too low?

A

1) Pancreas gland detects that blood glucose levels are too low
2) Pancreas releases glycogen into blood stream
3) Glycogen binds to liver
4) The liver converts glycogen to glucose
5) Goes to homeostatis level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
With diabetes can you control your blood sugar level?
No
26
What is diabetes?
It is a condition that affects your ability to control your blood levels.
27
Types of diabetes?
Type 1 Type 2
28
What is type 1 diabetes?
It is where pancreas produces little or no insulin
29
What can happen if you have type 1 diabetes?
- Blood glucose levels can rise to a fatal amount - lots of urine is produced leaving the individual thirsty
30
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Insulin injections at meal times which means glucose up blood streams
31
How are type 1 diabetes being cured?
By using pancreas implants and genetically engineering pancreatic cells from mice to make insulin
32
What is type 2 diabetes?
The body cells cannot respond to insulin
33
What happens if you have type 2 diabetes?
Blood glucose levels can rise to a fatal amount Obesity may occur
34
How can you prevent type 2 diabetes?
Using drugs to make inulin more effective
35
What does negative feedback do?
Counteracts changes
36
What is negative feedback?
When the body responds to an increase or decrease in a factor by returning it to it's original level
37
Give an example of negative feedback?
When the level of water or temperature gets too high or too low.
38
What is the order if negative feedback is too high?
1) Receptor detects a stimulus level is too high 2) The coordination centre receives and proceses the information then organises a response 3) Effector produces a response which counteracts the change and restores to optium level
39
What is the order if negative feedback level is too low?
1) Receptor detects stimulus kevel is too low 2) The coordination centre receives and processes the information and carrys out a response 3) Effector produces a response which counteracts the change and stores to optimum level
40
What happens at puberty?
Your body releases sex hormones that trigger off secondary sexual characteristics Eg facial hair and breasts.
41
Whats the main reproductive hormone in men?
Testosterone
42
Whats the main reproductive hormone in woman?
Oestrogen
43
What is testosterone produced by?
Testes and stimulates sperm production
44
What is oestrogen produced by?
Ovaries
45
What is stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?
menstruation starts , ( The lining of the uterus breaks down for four days.)
46
What is stage 2 of the menstrual cycle?
The uterus lining builds up again from day 4 to 14 into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels ready to receive a fertilised egg
47
What is stage 3 of menstrual cycle?
An egg develops and is released from the ovary at day 14. (ovulation)
48
What is stage 4 of the menstrual cycle?
The wall is maintained for 14 days. If no egg has landed the spongy lining starts to break down and the whole cycle starts again.
49
What are the 4 hormones?
- FSH - Oestrogen - LH - Progesterone
50
What are things about FSH?
- Produced in pituitary gland - Causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries in the follicle - stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
51
What are things about LH?
- Produced by Pituitary gland - Stimulates the releases of an egg at day 14
52
Things about oestrogen?
- Produced in the ovaries - Causes the lining of the uterus to grow - Stimulates the release of LH
53
Things about progesterone?
- Produced in the ovaries by the remains of the follicle after ovulation - Maintains the lining of the uterus in the second half - Inhibits the release of LH and FSH
54
What reduces fertility?
Hormones
55
What is used to prevent the release of an egg?
Oestrogen
56
How is oestrogen contraception?
If you take oestrogen everyday to keep the level permanantly high it inhibits the production of FSH. And egg development stops
57
How does progesterone reduce fertility?
By Stimulating the production of the thick mucus which helps stop the egg and sperm meet
58
What is the combined oral contraceptive pill and how effective is it?
99 % It's something that contains oestrogen and progesterone
59
What are the negatives of the pill?
Headaches and nausea and doesnt prevent STDS
60
Whats the contraceptive patch?
Contains oestrogen and progesterone and lasts 1 week
61
What are barriers?
They stop egg and sperm meeting
62
Whats spermicide and how effective is it?
Its a substance that disables or kills the sperm and only 70-80% effective
63
What are the other ways to stop pregnancies happening?
Sterilisation Natural methods Abstinence
64
What can be used to increase fertility?
Hormones
65
Why can't woman have babies?
They have low levels of FSH so their eggs can't mature and can't get released.
66
What can be given to woman to have babies?
FSH and LH as a fertility drug to stimulate ovulation
67
What are the pros of giving FSH and LH to a woman?
It helps woman get pregnant
68
What are the cons of giving and FSH and LH to a woman?
It doesnt always work Some woman have to donit multiple time which is expensive. Too many eggs can be stimulated
69
Whats another way people can have babies
IVF
70
What is IVF?
It's when you collect a womans eggs from their ovaries and fertilise them in a lab using mens sperm
71
What's ICSI?
When you directly inject sperm into the egg it's useful if the man has a low sperm count
72
What happens after the eggs are fertilised in IVF?
They grow to embryos and once they are in a tiny ball of cells one or two of them are transfered to a womans uterus
73
What are the cons of fretility treatement?
Multiple births can happen and can risk the mother Success of IVF is low which is 26% and can have a mental effect It can make the woman physically stressful eg vomitting and dehydration
74
Why are people against IVF?
The unused embroyos are destroyed because of this some people think it's unethical because each embroyo is a life
75
What is the role of FSH and LH during IVF?
To stimulate the eggs and mature
76
What does adrenaline prepare you for?
Fight or flight
77
What happens when your brain detects fear or stress?
Sends nervous impulses to the adrenal gland which repsonds by secreting adrenaline
78
What does thyroid regulate?
Metabolism
79
Some differences between endocrine system ans neevous system?
- NS uses electrical impulses. Endocrine uses hormones and carried in bloostream - NS is really fast endocrine is slow but effect is more long lasting
80
How do hormones interact in menstreaul cycle?
FSH i released by pituitary gland. FSH travels to ovaries in blood where it matures FSH triggers ovaries to make oestrogen Oestrogen causes lining of uterus to become thick
81
What is phototropism?
When plants shoot towards a light
82
What did shoot tips produce?
Auxins
83
Where is auxin produced ?
Tip of the shoot
84
How do shoots use auxin to grow towards light?
1) Auxin is produced at the top of the shoot 2) Light causes auxin to concentrate on darker side of shoot tip 3) Auxin spreads down shoot 4) Cells on darker side grow faster 5) shoots grow towards light
85
Whats geotrpoism or gravitropism?
When plant roots grow towards the force of gravity
86
What does gravity cause auxin to do?
Concentrate on lower side
87
What chemicals do plants use to regulate their behaviour?
Auxins and ethane
88
What are the steps for plant practical?
1) Place 3 cotton wools and soak them in equal amounts of water 2) Place 10 mustard seed 3) Leave in one place and water with same volume 4) Seeds will germinate and make sure they have the same amount of seedlings. If not remove until equal 5) Use a ruler to measure stem 6) Place one in full light, partial light and darkness 7) Measure hight of seedlings for 5 days 8) calculate the mean
89
What s the independant,control and dependant variable in plant hormone?
C = Volume of water I = light intensity D = height of seedlings
90
Why do seeds grow better in darkness?
Usually germinate underground and grow rapidly to reach light
91
What are auxins used for?
- Weedkiller - Rooting powder - Promoting growth
92
What are gibberellins used for?
- End seed dormancy - Encourgae plants go flower - fruit to grow larger
93
Uses for ethane?
- Ethane used to ripen bannanas in UK

Pro Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions