B11.2(shorter)

Question 1

Why does the uterus lining build up every month?

Answer 1

To support a developing baby

Question 2

Why does auxins cause plants to grow towards sunlight?

Answer 2

In a stem, the shaded side contains more auxin and grows longer, which causes the stem to grow towards the light. The plant does NOT bend towards the light. It grows because the auxin causes the cells to elongate on the shaded side, so this side grows more. This unequal growth of the two sides, results in the growth of the stem towards the light.

Question 3

Why do hormones last for such a long time?

Answer 3

They have an effect until they are broken down

Question 4

Why can insulin not be taken as a tablet?

Answer 4

Normal digestion would destroy it, making it ineffective

Question 5

Which hormones are produced in the ovaries?

Answer 5

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 6

Which hormones are produced in the male and female reproductive organs?

Answer 6

Testosterone and oestrogen

Question 7

Which gland is located at the base of the neck?

Answer 7

Thyroid

Question 8

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 8

Glycogen is stored in the liver.

Question 9

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 9

Above each kidney

Question 10

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong disease that keeps your body from using insulin the way it should. People with type 2 diabetes are said to have insulin resistance. This is not a genetic disorder.

Question 11

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 11

Type 1 diabetes causes the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood to become too high. It happens when your body cannot produce enough of a hormone called insulin, which controls blood glucose. You need daily injections of insulin to keep your blood glucose levels under control.

Question 12

What is the source of excess amino acids in the body?

Answer 12

Protein in diet

Question 13

What is the role of the thyroid?

Answer 13

To control the metabolic rate of the body

Question 14

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

Answer 14

Controls growth in children
Stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine
Stimulates the testes to make sperm
Stimulates the ovaries to produce and release eggs

Question 15

What is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system?

Answer 15

To control the glucose levels in the blood

Question 16

What is the role of the adrenal gland?

Answer 16

Produces adrenaline needed for the preparation of a flight or fight response

Question 17

What is the name of the gas involved in fruit ripening?

Answer 17

Ethene

Question 18

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 18

The endocrine system is a system which consists of glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs.

Question 19

What is insulin?

Answer 19

Insulin is a hormone - produced by the pancreas - that regulates glucose concentrations in the blood.

Question 20

What is gravitropism?

Answer 20

A growth in response to gravity

Question 21

What is auxin?

Answer 21

A plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth

Question 22

What is a hormone?

Answer 22

A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried in the bloodstream, which alters the activity of specific target organs.

Question 23

What happens during puberty in males?

Answer 23

• Growth spurt
• Voice breaks
• Facial hair and underarm hair grows
• Testes grow and become active

Question 24

What does the male hormone testosterone do?

Answer 24

Stimulates sperm production, muscle mass and fat distribution

Question 25

What do auxins do in shoots?

Answer 25

Promote elongation of cells

Question 26

What do auxins do in roots?

Answer 26

Prevent the elongation of cells

Question 27

What are three uses of gibberellins in agriculture and horticulture?

Answer 27

Gibberellins end seed dormancy, encourages flowering and increases fruit size

Question 28

What are three uses of auxins in agriculture and horticulture?

Answer 28

Auxins are commonly used in weedkillers, rooting powders and they promote growth in tissue culture.

Question 29

What are spermicides?

Answer 29

Chemicals that disable or kill sperm

Question 30

What are hormones and enzymes types of?

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

What are features that appear during puberty called?

Answer 31

Secondary sex characterisitics

Question 32

Types of tropisms

Answer 32

Positive phototropism Negative phototropism Positive gravitropism Negative gravitropism

Question 33

Treatment of type 1 diabetes

Answer 33

monitoring blood glucose levels and injecting human insulin throughout the day

Question 34

Thyroxine negative feedback loop

Answer 34

if thyroxine levels rise,TSH levels fall so thyroxine returns to normal if thyroxine levels fall, TSH levels rise so thyroxine falls to normal

Question 35

Suggest why it is important that the dialysis fluid has the same concentration of dissolved substances as healthy blood

Answer 35

So that useful substances wont be lost from the person's blood

Question 36

Suggest one factor that might affect the amount of insulin injected by a patient

Answer 36

- How active the person is

Question 37

Name the waste product of deamination

Answer 37

Urea

Question 38

Name 2 substances present in dialysis fluid

Answer 38

- Urea - Glucose

Question 39

Male reproductive system

Question 40

Key endocrine glands

Answer 40

Thyroid, pancreas, testes, ovaries and pituitary

Question 41

Is glucagon released by the pancreas when the blood sugar is too high?

Answer 41

No, Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted to glucose, which increases blood sugar.

Question 42

In which organ of the body are excess amino acids broken down?

Answer 42

Liver

Question 43

How do intrauterine devices work?

Answer 43

The IUD releases copper into the womb, making it more difficult for the sperm to reach an egg

Question 44

How can type 1 diabetes be treated apart from using injections of insulin?

Answer 44

Transplant a pancreas, this is difficult and risky

Question 45

Female reproductive system

Question 46

Explain two biological reasons why most doctors think that a kidney transplant is a better method of treatment than dialysis

Answer 46

- Dialysis requires a specific diet - Dialysis can cause blood clots or infections

Question 47

Explain how plant hormones can be used in weedkillers

Answer 47

The selective weedkiller contains a growth hormone that causes the weeds to grow too quickly and die. Because most weeds have broader leaves than grass or wheat, the weedkiller is absorbed in larger quantities by the weeds.

Question 48

Effects of the adrenal gland on the body

Answer 48

- increases heart and breathing rate - increases mental awareness - boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain/muscles

Question 49

Disadvantages of fertility treatments

Answer 49

- Emotional stress - Risk of multiple pregnancies

Question 50

Differences in nervous and hormonal control

Answer 50

nervous. Hormonal electrical impulse. chemical muscles or gland. targetorgan muscle contract. chem change rapid. slower short long

Question 51

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 51

Type 1 - cells dont produce enough insulin Type 2 - cells no longer respond to insulin

Question 52

Dangers of high blood glucose levels

Answer 52

- blurry vision - frequent urination - fatigue

Question 53

Advantages of fertility treatments

Answer 53

Offer hope to couples who are unable to conceive naturally

Question 54

3 similarities in puberty for boys/girls

Answer 54

- Pubic hair growth - External genitalia growth - Underarm hair growth