B2PD.SYS2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Inflammation of Bronchi
Typically viral or response to irritants, productive cough
Refer to MD if patient develops fever w/ productive sputum; and unresponsive to Vit. A/C supplements
Acute Bronchitis
MC a complication of atherosclerosis, uncommonly related to 3° Syphilis
Cough, Hoarseness, Tracheal shift w/ tug
Widening superior mediastinum on chest film
Aneurysm of aortic arch
Chronic reversible airway disease
Mostly allergic in nature, causes bronchospasm and inflammation of mucosa
Sudden onset of dyspnea and wheezing
Refer to hospital if cyanosed or BPM >28
Asthma
Chronic dilation of bronchi from longstanding infection
Presents w/ chronic cough, shortness of breath and mucopurulent sputum
Bronchogram shows saccular dilations
Refer to pulmonologist
Bronchiectasis
Irreversible airway disease w/ chronic cough lasting >3 months for 2 consecutive years
Chronic inflammation, likely smoking related
Presents w/ dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, and bilateral ankle swelling
Co-manage w/ pulmonologist
Chronic bronchitis
Associated w/ Marfan’s, HTN, or Chest trauma
Severe chest pain, diminishing upper limb pulse, and hypotension
Call 911
Dissecting Thoracic Aorta
Irreversible airway disease casuesed by smoking and industrial pollutants
Dyspnea, Barrel shaped chest, and Pursed-lip breathing
Chest x-ray shows overinflated lungs, flattened diaphragm, large retrosternal window
Co-manage w/ pulmonologist
Emphysema
MC congenital cyanotic heart disease
Presents w/ cyanosis at birth, clubbing of fingers, parasternal heave
Chest x-ray shows boot-shaped heart
Pulmonary stenosis, Rt. ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect
Fallot’s tetralogy
Jaundice, ammonia breath, ascites, gynecomastia
Elevated bilirubin, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase
Refer to hospital
Liver failure
Pus-filled cavity in chest
Often Staph. aureus
Chills, fever, halitosis, and foul-smelling sputum
Chest x-ray may show single cavity w/ air-fluid level
Refer to hospital
Lung abscess
Commonly malignant
Males more affected
Chronic cough, weight loss, hemoptysis, clubbing of fingers
Chest x-ray may show solitary mass
Refer to thoracic surgeon
Lung cancer
Viral, bacterial, or chemical
Retrosternal chest pain which is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
ECG may show ST elevation
Refer to hospital
Pericarditis
May be caused by congestive heart failure, pneumonia, TB, or pleural metastasis
Dyspnea, Decreased tactile fremitus, dull percussion, absent breath sounds
Chest x-ray shows blunting of costophrenic angles
Refer to hospital
Pleural effusion
Infalmmation of lung parenchyma d/t viral, bacterial, fungal infxn or inhaled chemicals
Chills, fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, productive cough, increased fremitus, dull percussion
Pneumonia
Chest pain, sudden dyspnea, hyper-resonant percussion note, absent breath sound
Chest film shows collapsed lung
Refer to hospital
Pneumothorax
Chronic skin condition, rapid cell turnover
Silvery scaly plaques on the extensor aspects of neck, elbow, sacrum, and knees
HLA B27 +
Psoriasis
Sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis
D-dimer test +
Lung perfusion scan or CT scan of chest is diagnostic
Call 911
Pulmonary embolism
Vasospasm of small arteries associated CT disorders like SLE or Scleroderma
White-blue-red response to cold and stress
Co-manage w/ internist or rheumatologist
Raynaud’s Phenomena
Metabolic bone disorder in peds
Lethargy, Muscle weakness, frontal bossing, bow legs, kyphoscoliosis
Rickets
Chronic multisystem disease, non-caseous granulomas
Presents w/ fatigue, dyspnea, erythema nodosum
Hypercalcemia may be present
Chest x-ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
Co-manage with a pulmonologist
Sarcoidosis
Sudden onset of shortness of breath following chest injury, increasing cyanosis w/ tracheal deviation to the opposite side
Call 911
Tension pneumothorax
Inflammation of 2nd-5th costochondral joint, seen more commonly w/ repetitive microtrauma
Presents w/ localized chest pain and swollen chostochondral joint
Refer to rheumatologist if chiropractic is unsuccessful
Tietze syndrome
Chronic infection
Presents w/ Ghon focus and complex w/ caseous necrosis and granulomas
Cough, night sweats, fever, hemoptysis, weight loss
Chest x-ray may show apical consolidation and cavitation
Refer to infectious disease specialist
Tuberculosis
