B3 - Organisation and the digestive system Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a tissue?
Similar cells working together to perform a specific function
What is an organ?
Different types of tissues grouped together to perform certain functions
What is an organ system?
Organs working together to perform a particular function
What is an organism?
Organ systems working together
What are carbohydrates made from?
Simple sugars (e.g. glucose) and starch (chains of simple sugars)
What are proteins made from?
Long chains of amino acids
What are lipids made from?
Fatty acids and glycerol
Explain the test for sugars
- Benedicts solution
- Blue –> Brick red
- Requires heat
Explain the test for starch
- Iodine
- Orange –> Blue/black
Explain the test for protein
- Biuret solution
- Blue –> Purple
What is the function of the mouth?
To chew food
What is the function of the oesophagus?
Connects mouth to stomach
What is the function of the stomach?
To break down food even more and kill bacteria
What is the digestive function of the liver?
Produces bile
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores and releases bile
What does the pancreas do?
Produces digestive enzymes
What does the small intestine do?
Begin digestion using enzymes
What does the large intestine do?
Water absorbed
What is an enzyme?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up the rate of chemical reactions
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is the active site?
The specific shape allows an enzyme to bind to its substrate
Explain the lock and key model
If the active site doesn’t match the substrate then it won’t be catalysed
What is the effect of temperature on enzymes?
Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction to a certain point until it becomes denatured
What is the effect of extreme pHs on enzymes?
They become denatured
