B4 - biological molecules Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the three main types of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
What elements are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar unit; for example, glucose.
What is a polysaccharide?
A large molecule made from many monosaccharides bonded together.
Give two examples of polysaccharides.
Starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals).
What is starch used for?
Energy storage in plants.
What is glycogen used for?
Energy storage in animals.
What elements are found in proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids.
What is a protein?
A complex biological molecule made from amino acid monomers.
What elements are found in lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids made of?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
Are lipids soluble in water?
No, lipids are insoluble in water.
What are lipids soluble in?
Organic solvents like ethanol.
How are larger biological molecules formed?
By joining smaller molecules (monomers) together.
