B7 - human nutrition

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

A diet that includes all essential nutrients in the correct amounts needed for growth and repair.

Question 2

What are the main food groups in a balanced diet?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and water.

Question 3

What is the function of carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 3

Provide energy for the body.

Question 4

What is the function of proteins in the diet?

Answer 4

Required for growth and repair of body tissues.

Question 5

What is the function of lipids (fats) in the diet?

Answer 5

Provide energy and are essential for cell membranes.

Question 6

What is the function of vitamin C?

Answer 6

Essential for the repair of tissues and the immune system.

Question 7

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 7

Helps in the absorption of calcium, promoting bone health.

Question 8

What is the function of calcium in the diet?

Answer 8

Important for the formation of bones and teeth.

Question 9

What is the function of iron in the diet?

Answer 9

Essential for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 10

What is the function of dietary fibre?

Answer 10

Aids in digestion by helping to move food through the digestive system.

Question 11

What is the function of water in the diet?

Answer 11

Essential for all bodily functions, including temperature regulation and waste removal.

Question 12

What is malnutrition?

Answer 12

A condition resulting from an unbalanced diet where certain nutrients are lacking, in excess, or in the wrong proportions.

Question 13

What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 13

Scurvy, which includes bleeding gums and joint pain.

Question 14

What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 14

Rickets in children, leading to soft and weak bones.

Question 15

What are the symptoms of iron deficiency?

Answer 15

Anemia, characterized by fatigue and pale skin.

Question 16

What are the symptoms of protein deficiency?

Answer 16

Conditions like kwashiorkor, leading to swelling and an enlarged liver.

Question 17

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 17

Mechanical digestion through chewing and chemical digestion with saliva.

Question 18

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 18

Transports food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis.

Question 19

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 19

Secretes acid and enzymes to digest proteins; churns food to enhance digestion.

Question 20

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 20

Continues digestion and is the primary site for nutrient absorption.

Question 21

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 21

Absorbs water and forms feces.

Question 22

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 22

Stores feces before they are excreted.

Question 23

What is the function of the anus?

Answer 23

Controls the expulsion of feces from the body.

Question 24

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 24

Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 25

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 25

Produces bile to emulsify fats and processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.

Question 26

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 26

Stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the small intestine.

Question 27

What is peristalsis?

Answer 27

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Question 28

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 28

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

Question 29

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 29

The breakdown of food molecules into their chemical building blocks by enzymes.

Question 30

What are enzymes?

Answer 30

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Question 31

What is the function of amylase?

Answer 31

Breaks down starch into sugars.

Question 32

What is the function of protease?

Answer 32

Breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Question 33

What is the function of lipase?

Answer 33

Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 34

What is absorption in digestion?

Answer 34

The process by which nutrients from digested food are taken into the body's cells.

Question 35

What is assimilation in digestion?

Answer 35

The incorporation of absorbed nutrients into the body's cells and tissues.

Question 36

What is egestion?

Answer 36

The removal of undigested food as feces.