B5 - Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

• State of physical and mental well-being.

Question 2

What are diseases?

Answer 2

• Both communicable and non-communicable, are major causes of ill health.

Question 3

What can affect mental and physical health?

Answer 3

Diet, stress and life situations may have a profound effect.

Question 4

What can different types of diseases do?

Answer 4

• May and often do interact.

Question 5

What are communicable diseases?

Answer 5

Caused by micro-organisms called pathogens, which include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

Question 6

How do bacteria and viruses reproduce inside your body?

Answer 6

• Bacteria can produce toxins that make you feel ill.

- Rapidly.

Question 7

Where do viruses live?

Answer 7

• Live and reproduce inside your cells causing cell damage.

Question 8

How can pathogens spread?

Answer 8

• Spread by direct contact, by air, or by water.

Question 9

How can the spread of disease be prevented?

Answer 9

• Simps hygiene measures, by destroying vectors, by isolation of infected individuals and by vaccination.

Question 10

Characteristics of measles.

Answer 10

Spread by droplet infection.
Causes fever and a rash and can be fatal.
No cure.
Isolation of patients and vaccination prevents spread.

Question 11

Characteristics of HIV.

Answer 11

Initially causes flu-like illness unless it can be successfully controlled with antiretroviral drugs the virus attacks the body’s immune system.
Late stage HIV infection or AIDS, occurs when the body’s immune system is so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers.
Spread by sexual contact or by exchange of body fluids. such as blood, which occurs when drug users share needles.

Question 12

Characteristics of TMV - Tobacco Mosaic Virus.

Answer 12

Spread by contact and vectors.
Damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis.
No treatment.
Spread is prevented by field hygiene and pest control.

Question 13

Characteristics of Salmonella.

Answer 13

• Spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene.
• Symptoms include fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and vomiting caused by the toxins produced by the bacteria.
• Poultry are vaccinated against it to control the spread of disease.

Question 14

Characteristics of Gonorrhoea.

Answer 14

Sexually transmitted disease.
Symptoms include discharge from the penis and vagina and the pain on urination.
Treatment involves using antibiotics, although many strains are now resistant.
Using condoms and limiting sexual activity prevents spreading.

Question 15

Characteristics of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

Answer 15

Bacterical disease of plants

Causes galls.

Question 16

Characteristics of Rose Black Spots.

Answer 16

Fungal disease.
Spread in the environment by wind and water.
Damages leaves so they drop off, affecting growth as photosynthesis is reduced.
Spread is controlled by removing affected leaves and chemical sprays, but is not very effective.

Question 17

Characteristics of Malaria.

Answer 17

Caused by parasitic protists and is spread by the bite of female mosquitos.
Damages blood and liver cells, causes fevers and shaking and can be fatal.
Some drugs are effective if given early but protists are becoming resistant.
Spread is reduced by preventing the vectors from breeding and by using mosquito nets to prevent people from being bitten.

Question 18

Human body’s line of defence against pathogens.

Answer 18

Skin; barrier and antimicrobial.
Nose. 
Trachea
Bronchi. 
Stomach.

Question 19

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 19

Help you to defend against pathogens bye negating them and by making antibodies and antitoxins.