B5 - Skeletons Flashcards Preview

Biology - Bethany DONE > B5 - Skeletons > Flashcards

Flashcards in B5 - Skeletons Deck (35)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is an external skeleton?

A

An external skeleton is a hard skeleton on the outside of the body.

2
Q

What is an external skeleton made from?

A

It is made of a material called chitin.

3
Q

What is an internal skeleton?

A

An internal skeleton is a skeleton on the inside of the body.

4
Q

What is an internal skeleton made from?

A

It is made of a material called cartilage or bone.

5
Q

Which areas are made from cartilage?

A

The outer ear, nose and ends of long bones are made from cartilage.

6
Q

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

Cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone.

7
Q

Why does a jellyfish collapse when it is out of water?

A

It does not have water to support it.

8
Q

What are the main advantages to an internal skeleton?

A
  • forms a framework for the body
  • grows as you grow
  • allows muscles to be easily attached
  • has many joints to give flexibility
  • is made from living tissue
9
Q

Why are long bones hollow?

A

It means they will be stronger, lighter and less likely to break.

10
Q

What is inside of the bone?

A

Inside of the bone there is bone marrow which contains blood vessels.

11
Q

What does cartilage do?

A

Cartilage absorbs shock and helps bones to slide over each other in joints.

12
Q

Why do insects shed their skeleton?

A

To allow them to grow.

13
Q

Why do bone and cartilage repair themselves quickly?

A

They repair quickly because they are living tissue.

14
Q

What is ossification?

A

Ossification is the process of calcium salts and phosphates being deposited into bone to make it hard.

15
Q

Why does a pad of cartilage remain at the end of bones in adults?

A

Cartilage remains at the end of bones so that it can absorb shock and prevent bones from breaking.

16
Q

Why is it important for teenagers to have a diet rich in calcium?

A

Calcium helps to prevent osteoporosis as females lose bone calcium as they age.

17
Q

What is a broken bone called?

A

A broken bone is called a fracture.

18
Q

What are the different types of fractures?

A

There are three different types of fractures - a compound fracture, a simple fracture and a greenstick fracture.

19
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

A greenstick fracture is when a bone is not completely broken.

20
Q

What is a simple fracture?

A

A simple fracture is when a bone is cleanly broken.

21
Q

What is a compound fracture?

A

A compound fracture is when the broken bone breaks through the skin.

22
Q

What is a joint?

A

A joint is when two or more bones meet.

23
Q

What is a fixed joint?

A

A fixed joint is found in the skull where the bones cannot move.

24
Q

Where is a hinge joint found?

A

A hinge joint is found in the elbow and knee.

25
Q

Where are ball and socket joints found?

A

Ball and socket joints are found in the shoulder and hip.

26
Q

What does a ligament do?

A

A ligament connects bones to each other.

27
Q

What does a tendon do?

A

A tendon connects a muscle to a bone.

28
Q

What do muscles do?

A

Muscles move bones.

29
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis is when the bone degenerates.

30
Q

What are synovial joints and why are they called this?

A

Synovial joints are ball and socket joints and hinge joints and are called this because they contain synovial fluid.

31
Q

What is antagonistic muscle?

A

Antagonistic muscles work against each other. While one muscle contracts the other relaxes and vice versa.

32
Q

Why should you not move a broken bone?

A

You should not move a broken bone because nerves and blood vessels could be damaged.

33
Q

What does synovial fluid do?

A

Synovial fluid absorbs shock and acts as a lubricant.

34
Q

What is a fulcrum?

A

Pivot Point around which a lever arm rotates.

35
Q

What are the components of a lever system?

A
  • fulcrum
  • forces
  • lever arm