Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio > B7 - human diet (B7.1), nutrients, digestive system, digestion > Flashcards

B7 - human diet (B7.1), nutrients, digestive system, digestion Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

which organs are part of the alimentary canal

A

-mouth
-oesophagus
-stomach
-Duodenum
-Ileum
-colon
-rectum
-anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the small intestine made up of

A

-duodenum
-Ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the large intestine made up of

A

-colon
-rectum
-anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the extra organs in the digestive system

A

-salivary glands
-liver
-gall bladder
-pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

all the organs in the digestive system

A

-mouth
-salivary glands
-oesophagus
-stomach
-liver
-gall bladder
-pancreas
-duodenum
-Ileum
-colon
-rectum
-anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define digestion

A

break down of food (in the body- mechanical & chemical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define mechanical digestion

A

break down of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define chemical digestion

A

break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define ingestion

A

taking of substances into the body (eating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define absorption into bloodstream

A

movement of nutrients from the small intestine into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define assimilation

A

uptake and use of nutrients by cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define egestion

A

removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

order of processes

A

-ingestion
-mechnical digestion
-chemical digestion
-absorption
-assimilation
-egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of mouth

A

-food is crushed and grinded by the teeth to increase its surface area.
-food is mixed with saliva for starch digestion
-food is converted into bolus of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of salivary glands

A

-releases saliva into mouth via salivary duct
-Starch is broken down into maltose
-has hydrogen carbonate to keep alkaline pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define saliva

A

mixture of water, mucus and amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is maltose

A

sugar made of 2 glucose molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of oesophagus

A

-tube which carries bolus by peristalsis to the stomach from mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define bolus

A

lump of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define peristalsis

A

muscular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of stomach

A

-stored food here for 1-2 h
-churns food with muscular walls (peristalsis) into liquid
-liquid is called chyme
-the wall releases gastric juice which contains Hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria, pepsin to digest protein and mucus to protect the wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of gastric juices

A

-has HCl: kill bacteria and maintain pH
-has pepsin
-mucus to protect stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

functions of HCl

A

-kill bacteria in food to prevent food poisoning
-maintain optimum pH for enzyme pepsin to digest protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function of pepsin

A

-is a protease
-digests protein in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
function of small intestine: duodenum
-where stomach acid is neutralised by alkaline pancreatic juices and bile which flow to duodenum
26
function of pancreatic juices
-has sodium hydrogen carbonate (alkaline) to neutralise HCl -contains lipase for lipids, amylase for starch, trypsin for protein
27
function of ileum
-digestion is completed here -produces intestinal juice with protease, amylase, maltase and lipase -products of digestion- glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol- are absorbed into millions villi into the bloodstream and lacteal (lymphatic system) -contain lots of long villi to increase surface area for adsorption
28
function of pancreas
-a gland which releases pancreatic juices into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct
29
function of liver
-makes bile -converts glucose into stored glycogen (assimilation) -removes excess amino acids by deamination
30
function of bile
-bile salt -made in live -stored in gall bladder -released into duodenum through bile duct -emulsifies fats to increase surface area for chemical digestion -alkaline to neutralise HCl from stomach- pancreatic enzymes optimum pH is 7.5-8
31
define emulsification
-physical process that breaks down large fat droplets into small fat droplets to provide large surface area for fat digestion by lipase
32
function of gall bladder
-stores bile -releases bile via the bile duct
33
function of colon
-absorbs remaining water and salts from undigested foods
34
function of rectum
-forms and stores faeces until egestion
35
what are faeces made up of
-fiber -bacteria -dead cells
36
function of anus
-removes faeces by egastion -has sphincter muscles to control when egestion happens
37
where does ingestion happen, how
-mouth (food enters body)
38
where does mechanical digestion happen, how
-mouth (using teeth) -stomach (churns food) -duodenum (bile emulsifies fats) -liver (has bile)
39
where does chemical digestion happen, how
-salivary glands (saliva) -stomach (pepsin) -duodenum (pancreatic juices) -ileum (intestinal juices) -pancreas (pancreatic juices)
40
where does egestion happen, how
-anus (removal of faeces)
41
where does absorption happen, how
-duodenum -ileum (long villi) -colon (water absorption)
42
where does assimilation happen, how
-liver (glucose to glycogen)
43
how are food molecules broken down
-hydrolysis reactions -enzymes -both on top of arrow
44
why is physical digestion needed
-break down large food piece into small pieces using teeth/ peristalsis/ bile -increase surface area of enzymes to digest
45
why is chemical digestion needed
-to break down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules using enzymes -so it can be absorbed
46
example of physical digestion
-teeth chewing -peristalsis -bile
47
how is fat digested
-teeth breaks it down to small pieces -bile salt emulsifies it -lipase breaks it down to fatty acids and glycerol
48
how is protein digested
-teeth breaks it to smaller pieces -pepsin in stomach -trypsin in pancreatic juice to amino acids
49
how is starch digested
-teeth breaks it into smaller pieces -amylase in saliva -amylase in pancreatic juice to maltose -maltase to glucose
50
-site of action -substrate and products -secreted from -types amylase
-salivary amylase -from salivary gland -in mouth -pancreatic amylase -from pancreatic juice -in duodenum -starch to maltose
51
-site of action -substrate and products -secreted from -types protease
-pepsin -from stomach wall -in stomach -protein to peptides/ amino acids -trypsin -from pancreas -in duodenum -protein to dipeptides/ amino acids -peptidase -from ileum wall -in ileum -peptides to amino acids
52
-site of action -substrate and products -secreted from -types lipase
-pancreatic lipase -from pancreas -in duodenum -triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol
53
what are reducing sugars
maltose
54
is bile an enzyme, if not what
-no -emulsifying agent
55
what do you use to test for starch, reducing sugar, lipids, protein
-iodine reagent -benedict reagent -ethanol emulsion -biuret reagent
56
what is test for lipids called
emulsion test
57
colours of starch, reducing sugars, lipids, protein (positive)
-brown - blue-black -blue- green, yellow, orange, brick red -colourless- cloudy emulsion -blue- purple
58
steps to test for starch
-iodine -check for colour change
59
steps to test for reducing sugars
-distilled water if food is dry -benedicts -put tube in beaker of water at 80C for 3 mins -check for colour change
60
steps to test for lipids
-ethanol -place bung and shake -put liquid in distilled water (not food too) -check for emulsion
61
steps to test for protein
-distilled water if food is dry -add biuret -check for colour change
62
pH of fatty acids
acidic

bio (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions