B8-077 Nutrition and Reproduction

Question 1

how does obesity affect puberty in girls?

Answer 1

onsets earlier
but lengthens the process

Question 2

how does obesity affect puberty in boys?

Answer 2

both delays and lengthens the process

Question 3

[…] affects GnRH pulsatility

Answer 3

leptin

Question 4

[…] ug of folic acid per day helps reduce the risk of neural tube defects

Answer 4

400-800

(women with a hx of neural tube defect require higher dosing)

Question 5

pregnant women should increase their caloric intake by […] cal/day in the second trimester

Answer 5

340

Question 6

pregnant women should increase their caloric intake by […] cal/day in the third trimester

Answer 6

450

Question 7

two to three weekly servings of fish high in […] during pregnancy/breastfeeding is recommended

Answer 7

DHA (200-300 mg)

(ensure fish is low mercury)

Question 8

[…] is preserved in lactating women, but […] is not

Answer 8

[lean body mass] is preserved in lactating women, but [bone mineral loss] is not

Question 9

[high/low] cholesterol is a marker of low energy availability

Answer 9

high

Question 10

higher body fat increases […] which allows for puberty onset

Answer 10

leptin

Question 11

more body weight [increases/decreases] the pulsatility of LH

Answer 11

decreases

estrogen giving negative feedback

Question 12

how does obesity play a role in male factor infertility?

Answer 12

reduces semen parameters

Question 13

foods that should be avoided in pregnancy [3]

Answer 13

raw sprouts
uncooked fish/meat
unpasteurized cheeses

Question 14

nutrients essential to pregnancy that are not obtained through diet alone

Answer 14

iron
calcium
folate
vitamin D
iodine

Question 15

how does starvation impact the menstrual cycle leading to amenorrhea?

Answer 15

reduced caloric intake –> reduced adipose mass –> reduced leptin

reduced leptin —> reduced kisspeptin –> reduced GnRH release

reduced GnRH –> reduced FSH –> reduced estrogen

Question 16

[high/low] ferritin is a marker of low energy availability

Answer 16

low

Question 17

[high/low] iron is a marker of low energy availability

Answer 17

low

Question 18

[high/low] vitamin D/B12 is a marker of low energy availability

Answer 18

low

Question 19

[high/low] WBC is a marker of low energy availability

Answer 19

low

Question 20

[high/low] AST/ALT is a marker of low energy availability

Answer 20

high

Question 21

signs of energy deficiency causing reproductive suppression in males

Answer 21

low T
decreased libido
abnormal sperm

(also she said something about men have “run down effects first, then stress fx. women reverse that)

Question 22

signs of energy deficiency causing reproductive suppression in females

Answer 22

anovulation
oligomenorrhea
amenorrhea

(also she said something about men have “run down effects first, then stress fx. women reverse that)