Back and Extremities Non-Clinical

Question 1

vertebrae vs spinal nerves

Answer 1

vert: 7C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 3-4cc
SN: 8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1cc

Question 2

C vs T vs L

Answer 2

C: small, mobile, bifid SP, small TP w/ hole (for vert arts)
T: heart shaped, longer processes, articulate w/ ribs
L: kidney shaped bodies, biggest proocesses

Question 3

C vs T vs L

Answer 3

C: small, mobile, bifid SP, small TP w/ hole (for vert arts)
T: heart shaped, longer processes, articulate w/ ribs
L: kidney shaped bodies, biggest proocesses

Question 4

atlas weirdness

Answer 4

no vertebral body
no SP
OA joint = skull on C1 (flex/extend - yes)

Question 5

axis weirdness

Answer 5

dens (stole body from C1)

AA joint = C1 on C2 (rotational - no)

Question 6

ant long lig (where and resists)

Answer 6

ant surface of vert bodies

resist hyperextension

Question 7

post long lig (where and resists)

Answer 7

post surface of vert bodies

resist hyperflexion

Question 8

ligamentum flava

Answer 8

post of vert foramen

Question 9

interspinous lig

Answer 9

between SPs

Question 10

conus medullaris

Answer 10

tapered end of spinal cord
ends about level of L2
contains cell bodies of SNs S4, S5 and Co

Question 11

meninges inf broder

Answer 11

extend down to S2

Question 12

cauda equina

Answer 12

nerve roots project below conus medullaris
lumbosacral SNs project downm exit via intervertebral foramen
all nerves covered by pia mater

Question 13

cauda equina

Answer 13

nerve roots project below conus medullaris
lumbosacral SNs project downm exit via intervertebral foramen
all nerves covered by pia mater

Question 14

SN locations relative to verts

Answer 14

C: exit superior to corresponding (C8 above T1)

T, L: nerves exit inferior to vert

Question 15

SN - sensory vs motor

Answer 15

all are mixed

only roots are separate

Question 16

parts of IVDs

Answer 16

anulus fibrosis - ring of fibrocartilage, thicker ant, outside part
nucleus pulposus: more gelatinous, interior, slightly more post

Question 17

superficial back muscles

Answer 17

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major/minor

Question 18

superficial back muscle actions

Answer 18

move upper limb

Question 19

superficial back muscle innervations

Answer 19

all innervated by ventral rami except traps (accessory nerve - CN XI)

Question 20

deep back muscles

Answer 20

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
(together called erector spinae)

Question 21

deep back muscle attachments

Answer 21

iliocostalis - ribs
longissimus - TPs
spinalis - SPs

Question 22

deep back muscles actions

Answer 22

extend vert column

Question 23

deep back muscles innervations

Answer 23

dorsal rami

Question 24

deeper deep back muscles

Answer 24

semispinalis
multifidus
rotares
(together called transversospinalis)

Question 25

deeper deep back muscle actions

Answer 25

rotate vert column

Question 26

deeper deep back muscle innervations

Answer 26

dorsal rami

Question 27

deeper deep back muscle innervations

Answer 27

dorsal rami

Question 28

shoulder elevation muscles

Answer 28

trapezius (superior) | levator scapulae

Question 29

shoulder depression muscles

Answer 29

traps (inferior) | lats dorsii

Question 30

shoulder protraction (anterolaterally) muscles

Answer 30

``` serratus anterior pec minor (weak) ```

Question 31

shoulder retractions (posterior-medially)

Answer 31

traps (middle) | rhomboids

Question 32

shoulder lateral rotation (abduction) muscles

Answer 32

``` serratus anterior (inferior) traps (inf and sup) ```

Question 33

medial rotation (adduction) muscles

Answer 33

rhomboids levator scapulae pec minor

Question 34

medial rotation (adduction) muscles

Answer 34

rhomboids levator scapulae pec minor

Question 35

shoulder flexion muscles

Answer 35

deltoid (ant) pec major biceps (both heads) coracobrachialis

Question 36

shoulder extension muscles

Answer 36

lats dorsi teres major triceps deltoid (post)

Question 37

shoulder abduction muscles

Answer 37

deltoid (mid) | supraspinatus (first 15 deg)

Question 38

shoulder adduction muscles

Answer 38

pec major lat dorsi teres major

Question 39

shoulder lateral rotation muscles

Answer 39

infraspinatus | teres minor

Question 40

shoulder medial rotation muscles

Answer 40

subscapularis

Question 41

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 41

SITS -( all scapula to humerus) supraspinatus infraspinatus

Question 42

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 42

``` SITS -( all scapula to humerus) supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis ```

Question 43

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 43

``` SITS -( all scapula to humerus) supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis ```

Question 44

NV bundle under traps

Answer 44

accessory nerve and transverse cervical art (superficial branch)

Question 45

NV bundle under rhomboids

Answer 45

dorsal scapular n and transverse cervical art (deep branch)

Question 46

NV bundle under supraspinatus

Answer 46

suprascapular n and art

Question 47

NV under infraspinatus and teres minor

Answer 47

axillary n and post cicumflex humeral art

Question 48

NV under triceps

Answer 48

radial n and deep brachial art

Question 49

lateral cord -->

Answer 49

musculocutaneous and median

Question 50

median cord -->

Answer 50

median and ulnar n

Question 51

posterior -->

Answer 51

axillary and radial n

Question 52

quadrangular space

Answer 52

subscap/teres minor above teres major below long head of triceps medially humerus laterally