H/N - Development Flashcards by Cristina Resczenski

pharyngeal arches (#, origin)

1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (5th disappears)

mesoderm and neural crest

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pharyngeal pouches (#, origin)

1, 2, 3, 4

endoderm

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pharyngeal grooves (#, origin)

1, 2, 3, 4

ectoderm

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arch I –> bony

mandible
malleus
incus

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arch II –> bony

stapes
styloid process
part of hyloid

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arch III –>. bony

most of hyoid

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arch IV –> bony

thyroid cartilage
(+ intrinsic laryngeal cart)

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arch VI –> bony

cricoid cartilage
(+ intrinsic laryngeal cart)

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clefts –>

all disappear except #1 (becomes external auditory meatus)

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arch I –> .muscles

move mandible: (+ malleus and palate)
temporalis
masseter
digastric (ant)
mylohyoid
tensor tympani
tensor palatini

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arch II –> muscles

move hyoid + facial expression
platysma
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
buccinator
stylohyoid
digastric (post)
stapedius

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arch III –> muscles

stylophayngeous

insignificant - part of swallowing

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arch IV –> muscles

muscles of:
soft palate
pharynx
larynx (cricothyroid)

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arch I innervation

trigeminal (V)

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arch II innervation

facial (VII)

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arch III innervation

glossopharyngeal (IX)

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arch IV innervation

vagus (X)
pharyngeal branches for palate, pharynx
superior laryngeal branch for larynx

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muscles of mastication

masseter
temporalis
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

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arch VI –> muscles

muscles of:

larynx

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arch VI innervation

vagus X

recurrent laryngeal branch

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accessory nerve innervates

trapezius

SCM

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hypoglossal n innervates

all tongue muscles ending in “glossus” except palatoglossus

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oculomotor n innervates

all muscles that move eye except sup oblique (trochlear) and lateral rectus (abducens)

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3rd aortic arch –>

common and internal carotid arts

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4th aortic arch -->

arch of aorta and R subclavian

6th aortic arch -->

pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus

how clefts close

arch II grows over clefts II, III, IV

pouch 1 -->

auditory tube

pouch 2 -->

palatine tonsil

pouch 3 -->

``` parathyroid gland (inferior) thymus ```

pouch 4 -->

``` parathyroid gland (superior) ultimobranchial body (parafollicular C cells (thyroid)) ```

tympanic membrane =

boundary btwn cleft 1 and pouch 1

thyroid migration

follow path of thyroglossal duct

thyroid origin

endoderm (but not pouch) from posterior 1/3 of tongue

pouch 3/4 migration

3: thymus descend into mediastinum and drags inf parathyroid gland inferior (where it will go behind thyroid) 4: superior parathyroid gland goes behind thyroid; parafollicular go into thyroid

defect for cleft palate

pharyngeal arch I

anterior cleft mech

fuse medial nasal prominence --> primary palate | fuse maxillary prominence (palantine shelves) --> secondary palate

posterior cleft mech

fuse medial nasal prominence --> primary palate | fuse maxillary prominence (palantine shelves) --> secondary palate

ant vs post cleft

A: cleft lip/jaw; uni or bilateral (not midline) P: cleft palate; midline; "true" cleft palate

tongue origins

ant 2/3 = ectoderm (arch I/II) | post 1/3 = endoderm (arch III)

epiglottis origins

arch IV | endoderm

tongue divider

sulcus terminalis | btwn ecto and endo

nerves of tongue

``` superior laryngeal n (internal laryngeal n) glossopharyngeal n (IX) charda tympani (branch of CN VII) lingual nerve (CN V3) ```

most posterior tongue nerve

superior laryngeal (internal laryngeal)

posterior 1/3 of tongue nerves

``` glossopharyngeal (all of 1/3) superior laryngeal (most post part) ```

ant 2/3 of tongue nerves

chorda tympani | lingual n

superior laryngeal n fxn

general sensory

glossopharyngeal n fxn

general sensory and taste

chorda tympani n fxn

taste

lingual n fxn

general sensory touch pain temp

nerves that give tongue general sensory

superior laryngeal glossopharyngeal lingual

nerves that give tongue taste

glossopharyngeal | chorda tympani

nerves that give tongue touch/pain/temp

lingual n

lateral cervical cyst mech

failure of a cleft to be completely closed (usually @ angle of mandible) aka branchial cyst/pharyngeal cyst

DiGeorge sequence mech

pouch 3 and 4 don't develop right

DiGeorge Sx

``` CATCH-22 Cardiac abnormalities Abnormal faces Thymis aplasia Cleft palate Hypocalcemia/Hypoparathyroidism ```

first arch syndrome ex

Robin sequence | Treacher Collins syndrome

first arch syndrome mech

abnormal formation of arch I (due to faulty migration of neural crest cells)

robin sequence sx

poor mandibular growth cleft palate posteriorly placed tongue

Treacher Collins syndrome

``` mandibular hypoplasia sygomatic hypoplasia down-slanted palpebral seizures colobomas malformed ears ```

pharyngeal fistula mech

pouch 2 and groove 2 persist --> fistula (usually @ ant border of SCM)

ectopic thyroid, para or thymus

abnormal migration of glands

thyroglossal duct cyst/fistula

midline near hyoid or base of tongue (lingual cyst) | part of thyroglossal duct persissts

H/N - Development Flashcards

(63 cards)