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Anatomy > H/N - Development > Flashcards

H/N - Development Flashcards

1
Q

pharyngeal arches (#, origin)

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (5th disappears)

mesoderm and neural crest

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2
Q

pharyngeal pouches (#, origin)

A

1, 2, 3, 4

endoderm

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3
Q

pharyngeal grooves (#, origin)

A

1, 2, 3, 4

ectoderm

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4
Q

arch I –> bony

A

mandible
malleus
incus

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5
Q

arch II –> bony

A

stapes
styloid process
part of hyloid

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6
Q

arch III –>. bony

A

most of hyoid

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7
Q

arch IV –> bony

A 
thyroid cartilage
(+ intrinsic laryngeal cart)
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8
Q

arch VI –> bony

A 
cricoid cartilage
(+ intrinsic laryngeal cart)
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9
Q

clefts –>

A

all disappear except #1 (becomes external auditory meatus)

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10
Q

arch I –> .muscles

A 
move mandible: (+ malleus and palate)
temporalis
masseter
digastric (ant)
mylohyoid
tensor tympani
tensor palatini
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11
Q

arch II –> muscles

A 
move hyoid + facial expression
platysma
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
buccinator
stylohyoid
digastric (post)
stapedius
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12
Q

arch III –> muscles

A

stylophayngeous

insignificant - part of swallowing

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13
Q

arch IV –> muscles

A

muscles of:
soft palate
pharynx
larynx (cricothyroid)

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14
Q

arch I innervation

A

trigeminal (V)

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15
Q

arch II innervation

A

facial (VII)

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16
Q

arch III innervation

A

glossopharyngeal (IX)

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17
Q

arch IV innervation

A

vagus (X)
pharyngeal branches for palate, pharynx
superior laryngeal branch for larynx

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18
Q

muscles of mastication

A

masseter
temporalis
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

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19
Q

arch VI –> muscles

A

muscles of:

larynx

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20
Q

arch VI innervation

A

vagus X

recurrent laryngeal branch

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21
Q

accessory nerve innervates

A

trapezius

SCM

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22
Q

hypoglossal n innervates

A

all tongue muscles ending in “glossus” except palatoglossus

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23
Q

oculomotor n innervates

A

all muscles that move eye except sup oblique (trochlear) and lateral rectus (abducens)

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24
Q

3rd aortic arch –>

A

common and internal carotid arts

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25
Q

4th aortic arch –>

A

arch of aorta and R subclavian

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26
Q

6th aortic arch –>

A

pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus

27
Q

how clefts close

A

arch II grows over clefts II, III, IV

28
Q

pouch 1 –>

A

auditory tube

29
Q

pouch 2 –>

A

palatine tonsil

30
Q

pouch 3 –>

A 
parathyroid gland (inferior)
thymus
31
Q

pouch 4 –>

A 
parathyroid gland (superior)
ultimobranchial body (parafollicular  C cells (thyroid))
32
Q

tympanic membrane =

A

boundary btwn cleft 1 and pouch 1

33
Q

thyroid migration

A

follow path of thyroglossal duct

34
Q

thyroid origin

A

endoderm (but not pouch) from posterior 1/3 of tongue

35
Q

pouch 3/4 migration

A

3: thymus descend into mediastinum and drags inf parathyroid gland inferior (where it will go behind thyroid)
4: superior parathyroid gland goes behind thyroid; parafollicular go into thyroid

36
Q

defect for cleft palate

A

pharyngeal arch I

37
Q

anterior cleft mech

A

fuse medial nasal prominence –> primary palate

fuse maxillary prominence (palantine shelves) –> secondary palate

38
Q

posterior cleft mech

A

fuse medial nasal prominence –> primary palate

fuse maxillary prominence (palantine shelves) –> secondary palate

39
Q

ant vs post cleft

A

A: cleft lip/jaw; uni or bilateral (not midline)
P: cleft palate; midline; “true” cleft palate

40
Q

tongue origins

A

ant 2/3 = ectoderm (arch I/II)

post 1/3 = endoderm (arch III)

41
Q

epiglottis origins

A

arch IV

endoderm

42
Q

tongue divider

A

sulcus terminalis

btwn ecto and endo

43
Q

nerves of tongue

A 
superior laryngeal n (internal laryngeal n)
glossopharyngeal n (IX)
charda tympani (branch of CN VII)
lingual nerve (CN V3)
44
Q

most posterior tongue nerve

A

superior laryngeal (internal laryngeal)

45
Q

posterior 1/3 of tongue nerves

A 
glossopharyngeal (all of 1/3)
superior laryngeal (most post part)
46
Q

ant 2/3 of tongue nerves

A

chorda tympani

lingual n

47
Q

superior laryngeal n fxn

A

general sensory

48
Q

glossopharyngeal n fxn

A

general sensory and taste

49
Q

chorda tympani n fxn

A

taste

50
Q

lingual n fxn

A

general sensory
touch
pain
temp

51
Q

nerves that give tongue general sensory

A

superior laryngeal
glossopharyngeal
lingual

52
Q

nerves that give tongue taste

A

glossopharyngeal

chorda tympani

53
Q

nerves that give tongue touch/pain/temp

A

lingual n

54
Q

lateral cervical cyst mech

A

failure of a cleft to be completely closed (usually @ angle of mandible)
aka branchial cyst/pharyngeal cyst

55
Q

DiGeorge sequence mech

A

pouch 3 and 4 don’t develop right

56
Q

DiGeorge Sx

A 
CATCH-22
Cardiac abnormalities
Abnormal faces
Thymis aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia/Hypoparathyroidism
57
Q

first arch syndrome ex

A

Robin sequence

Treacher Collins syndrome

58
Q

first arch syndrome mech

A

abnormal formation of arch I (due to faulty migration of neural crest cells)

59
Q

robin sequence sx

A

poor mandibular growth
cleft palate
posteriorly placed tongue

60
Q

Treacher Collins syndrome

A 
mandibular hypoplasia
sygomatic hypoplasia
down-slanted palpebral seizures
colobomas
malformed ears
61
Q

pharyngeal fistula mech

A

pouch 2 and groove 2 persist –> fistula (usually @ ant border of SCM)

62
Q

ectopic thyroid, para or thymus

A

abnormal migration of glands

63
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst/fistula

A

midline near hyoid or base of tongue (lingual cyst)

part of thyroglossal duct persissts

Anatomy (9 decks)

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