Skull Organization

Question 1

brain case aka

Answer 1

calvaria

Question 2

name of separations in baby skulls

Answer 2

fontannelles
ant
post
mastoidal
sphenoidal

Question 3

3 way sutures

Answer 3

pterion (parietal, temporal, sphenoid)

asterion (parietal, occipital, temporal)

Question 4

pterion clinical significance

Answer 4

weak point in skull
MMA runs right underneath
lat skull fracture –> intracranial bleed (epidural hematoma)

Question 5

MMA supplies (outside brain)

Answer 5

skull

dura

Question 6

epidural hematoma aka

Answer 6

extradural hematoma

Question 7

epidural hematoma description

Answer 7

blood btwn dura and skull
puts pressure on cortex
biconvex shape
cannot cross suture line
not limited by dural septum (can cross midline @ falx cerebri)

Question 8

foramen of face (+nerves)

Answer 8

supraorbital (supraorbital n of V1)
infraorbital (infraorbital n of V2)
mental (mental n of V3)

Question 9

inferior orbital fissure (+nerves)

Answer 9

continuous w/ infraorbital foramen

infraorbital n goes through inferior orbital to infraorbital foramen

Question 10

holes in orbit

Answer 10

optic canal
superior orbital
inferior orbital

Question 11

cutaneous innervation of head/neck

Answer 11

trigeminal (V)

divisions: opthalamic, maxillary, mandibular

Question 12

innervation of muscles of facial expression

Answer 12

facial (VII)

Question 13

terminal branches of V1 (opthalamic)

Answer 13

nasociliary
frontal
lacrimal

Question 14

terminal branches of V2 (maxillary)

Answer 14

zygomatic
infraorbital
p

Question 15

terminal branches of V3 (mandibular)

Answer 15

buccal
auricolotemporal
inferior alveolar
lingual

Question 16

nerves thru cribiform plate

Answer 16

olfactory bulbs (I)

Question 17

olfactory bulb structure

Answer 17

series of neurons w/ processes going through cribiform to synapse on receptors
covered in meninges
unmyelinated

Question 18

cribiform/olfactory clinicals

Answer 18

ant skull fracture may break cribiform plate
–> less/loss of smell (dysosmia, anosmia)
meninges may tear (open subarachnoid space) –> CSF rhinorrhea (clear and sticky)

Question 19

olfactory bulb repair

Answer 19

can regenerate - unmyelinated

Question 20

superior optic fissure contains

Answer 20

III
IV
V1
VI
superior opthalamic vein

Question 21

danger to superior optic fissure nerves

Answer 21

have to traverse cavernous sinus

Question 22

nerves in foramen rotundum

Answer 22

V2

Question 23

optic canal contents

Answer 23

II

opthalamic artery

Question 24

hypophyseal fossa

Answer 24

contain pituitary

contents drain to cavernous sinus

Question 25

foramen ovale contains

Answer 25

V3 lessor petrosal of IX accessory meningeal a

Question 26

foramen spinosum contains

Answer 26

part of V3 | middle meningeal a

Question 27

foramen lacerum structure

Answer 27

covered in cartilage

Question 28

things that cross the foramen lacerum

Answer 28

internal carotid | greater petrosal n of VII

Question 29

hiatuses in skull

Answer 29

hiatus of facial canal (greater petrosal n) | hiatus of lesser petrosal n (lesser)

Question 30

sinus drainage

Answer 30

all sinuses drain into internal jugular vein | all sinuses merge after exiting jugular foramen

Question 31

dural venous sinus location

Answer 31

btwn periostea and meningeal dura

Question 32

dural venous sinus qualities

Answer 32

lined by endo no valves no SM

Question 33

emissary veins

Answer 33

veins that connect veins outside skull w/ diploic and intracranial venous compartments (sinuses)

Question 34

clinicals of emissary veins

Answer 34

infection of scalp may enter emissary veins and spread to dural venous sinuses --> dural venous sinus thrombosis

Question 35

clinicals of dural venous sinuses

Answer 35

as cerebral veins enter sinuses they can tear --> intracranial venous bleed (subdural hematoma)

Question 36

subdural hematoma qualities

Answer 36

btwn dura and arachnoid convexoconcave shape not limited by suture lines usually limited by dura septa - doesnt cross midline

Question 37

clincal diff btwn subdural and epidural hematomas

Answer 37

subdural is more extensive aand w/o boundaries so the source is harder to find

Question 38

danger triangle of face

Answer 38

infections of middle face and severe infections of pharynx --> branches of facial vein connect to sup/inf opthalamic veins sup/inf opthalamic veins are emmisssary veins of cavernous sinus --> cavernous sinus thrombosis --> may affect ns going through it (III, IV, V1, V2, VI)

Question 39

structures that traverse cavernous sinus

Answer 39

``` III IV VI V1 V2 ```

Question 40

first n affected in cavernous sinus

Answer 40

VI - weakness in eye abduction

Question 41

carotid artery path into skull

Answer 41

through carotid canal cross width of foramen lacerum through cavernous sinus

Question 42

internal auditory meatus contains

Answer 42

VII | VIII (stay in temporal bone)

Question 43

jugular foramen contains

Answer 43

IX X XI + 2 dural venous sinuses

Question 44

hypoglossal canal contains

Answer 44

XII

Question 45

sylomastoid foramen

Answer 45

VII

Question 46

path into internal auditory meatus

Answer 46

VIII goes in and does cochlea/vestibulo things | VII goes in and exits via stylomastoid foramen

Question 47

stylomastoid foramen contains

Answer 47

VII

Question 48

subarachnoid hemorrhage causes

Answer 48

cerebral aneurysms burst

Question 49

cerebral aneurysm locations

Answer 49

85% anterior circulation (usually ACA, internal carotid or MCA) 15% posterior circulation (usually basilar)

Question 50

leaking berry aneurysm sx

Answer 50

blood in CSF

Question 51

subarachnoid hemorrhage sx

Answer 51

severe headache | feeling of cold