Back and Vertebral Column

Question 1

how many bones in vertebral column

Answer 1

33 individual bones plus intervertebral discs

Question 2

whats the order of the vertebral segments and number of parts superior to inferior

Answer 2

Cervical, C7
Thoracic T12
Lumar L5
Sacral S5
Coccyx Co4

Question 3

what is the unique feature of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 3

Foramen transversarium

Question 4

what is the unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 4

Costal facets

Question 5

what is the unique feature of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 5

Mammillary process,

Accessory process

Question 6

what shape is the vertebral foramen in cervical vertebrae

Answer 6

Large, triangular

Question 7

what shape is the vertebral foramen in thoracic vertebrae

Answer 7

Circular and small

Question 8

what shape is the vertebral foramen in lumbar vertebrae

Answer 8

Triangular, smaller than cervical

Question 9

what are the spinous processes like in cervical vertebrae

Answer 9

Short, bifid

Question 10

what are the spinous processes like in thoracic vertebrae

Answer 10

Long, slopes

posteroinferiorly

Question 11

what are the spinous processes like in lumbar vertebrae

Answer 11

Short, sturdy, rectangular

Question 12

what shape is the body in cervical vertebrae

Answer 12

Small

Question 13

what shape is the body in thoracic vertebrae

Answer 13

Heart shaped

Question 14

what shape is the body in lumbar vertebrae

Answer 14

Large, kidney shaped

Question 15

what are the functions of the vertebral column

Answer 15

Weight bearing - Carries & transmits weight from upper body down to the lower limbs

Protection
Movement
Site of muscle attachments

Question 16

what is the purpose of curvature and intervertebral discs

Answer 16

provide shock absorption

Question 17

what direction are the articular facets in lumbar

Answer 17

sagittally orientated

Question 18

what is the curvature of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Answer 18

secondary

fevelops during infancy

Question 19

what is the curvature of Thoracic & sacral

Answer 19

primary, kyphoses
already present in fetus
goes outwards

Question 20

what are the 2 components of intervertebral discs

Answer 20

nucleus pulpous 
annulus fibrosus (layers of fibrocartilage)

Question 21

what is a herniated disc

Answer 21

nucleus pulpous herniates

soft/gelatinous - compress nerve root or spinal nerve

Question 22

what does the vertebrae protect

Answer 22

Spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Arteries & veins

Question 23

what is the intervertebral joint

Answer 23

secondary cartilaginous

Question 24

what is the facet joint

Answer 24

Synovial plane

w articular processes

Question 25

what type of joint does vertebral column have w rib

Answer 25

Synovial plane

Question 26

what type of joint does vertebral column have w atlas and skull

Answer 26

Synovial ellipsoid

Question 27

what joint is between atlas and axis

Answer 27

synovial pivot | laterally - plain

Question 28

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 28

covers the body | thick fibrous

Question 29

whats the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 29

posterior to the body

Question 30

whats the ligamentum flava

Answer 30

connect two laminae

Question 31

whats the interspinous ligament

Answer 31

connects spinous processes

Question 32

whats the supraspinous ligament

Answer 32

connect spinous processes, at the edge

Question 33

what ligament is in the atlas | C1

Answer 33

transverse ligament of atlas

Question 34

what are back muscle extrinsic groups

Answer 34

upper limb movement and respiration

Question 35

what are the back muscle intrinsic group

Answer 35

superficial, intermediate (erector spinae) and deep layers - maintain posture - control movement of vertebral column

Question 36

what muscles flex the back (bilaterally)

Answer 36

rectus abdominis | psaos major

Question 37

what muscles are posterior to the spine and what movement do they do

Answer 37

- extension (bilaterally) - lateral flexion (unilaterally) erector spinae

Question 38

what muscles in the chest have oblique fibre orientation and do rotation

Answer 38

external oblique internal oblique erector spinae

Question 39

what posterior abdominal muscles are there and what movement do they do

Answer 39

illiacus psoas major quadratus lumborum - anterior flexion (psaos) - lateral flexion

Question 40

what effect does ageing have on the intervertebral discs and bones

Answer 40

dehydration of intervertebral disc = reduced shock absorption osteoarthritis, pain and stiffness of joints

Question 41

osteoporosis leads to compression fractures altering the curvature of the spine

Answer 41

hhh

Question 42

what anterior abdominal wall muscles are there

Answer 42

rectus abdominus external oblique internal oblique