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Anatomy - Year 1 > Back and Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Back and Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones in vertebral column

A

33 individual bones plus intervertebral discs

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2
Q

whats the order of the vertebral segments and number of parts superior to inferior

A 
Cervical, C7
Thoracic T12
Lumar L5
Sacral S5
Coccyx Co4
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3
Q

what is the unique feature of the cervical vertebrae

A

Foramen transversarium

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4
Q

what is the unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae

A

Costal facets

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5
Q

what is the unique feature of the lumbar vertebrae

A

Mammillary process,

Accessory process

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6
Q

what shape is the vertebral foramen in cervical vertebrae

A

Large, triangular

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7
Q

what shape is the vertebral foramen in thoracic vertebrae

A

Circular and small

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8
Q

what shape is the vertebral foramen in lumbar vertebrae

A

Triangular, smaller than cervical

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9
Q

what are the spinous processes like in cervical vertebrae

A

Short, bifid

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10
Q

what are the spinous processes like in thoracic vertebrae

A

Long, slopes

posteroinferiorly

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11
Q

what are the spinous processes like in lumbar vertebrae

A

Short, sturdy, rectangular

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12
Q

what shape is the body in cervical vertebrae

A

Small

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13
Q

what shape is the body in thoracic vertebrae

A

Heart shaped

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14
Q

what shape is the body in lumbar vertebrae

A

Large, kidney shaped

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15
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral column

A

Weight bearing - Carries & transmits weight from upper body down to the lower limbs

Protection
Movement
Site of muscle attachments

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16
Q

what is the purpose of curvature and intervertebral discs

A

provide shock absorption

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17
Q

what direction are the articular facets in lumbar

A

sagittally orientated

18
Q

what is the curvature of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

A

secondary

fevelops during infancy

19
Q

what is the curvature of Thoracic & sacral

A

primary, kyphoses
already present in fetus
goes outwards

20
Q

what are the 2 components of intervertebral discs

A 
nucleus pulpous 
annulus fibrosus (layers of fibrocartilage)
21
Q

what is a herniated disc

A

nucleus pulpous herniates

soft/gelatinous - compress nerve root or spinal nerve

22
Q

what does the vertebrae protect

A

Spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Arteries & veins

23
Q

what is the intervertebral joint

A

secondary cartilaginous

24
Q

what is the facet joint

A

Synovial plane

w articular processes

25
Q

what type of joint does vertebral column have w rib

A

Synovial plane

26
Q

what type of joint does vertebral column have w atlas and skull

A

Synovial ellipsoid

27
Q

what joint is between atlas and axis

A

synovial pivot

laterally - plain

28
Q

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

covers the body

thick fibrous

29
Q

whats the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

posterior to the body

30
Q

whats the ligamentum flava

A

connect two laminae

31
Q

whats the interspinous ligament

A

connects spinous processes

32
Q

whats the supraspinous ligament

A

connect spinous processes, at the edge

33
Q

what ligament is in the atlas

C1

A

transverse ligament of atlas

34
Q

what are back muscle extrinsic groups

A

upper limb movement and respiration

35
Q

what are the back muscle intrinsic group

A

superficial, intermediate (erector spinae) and deep layers

  • maintain posture
  • control movement of vertebral column
36
Q

what muscles flex the back (bilaterally)

A

rectus abdominis

psaos major

37
Q

what muscles are posterior to the spine and what movement do they do

A
  • extension (bilaterally)
  • lateral flexion (unilaterally)
    erector spinae
38
Q

what muscles in the chest have oblique fibre orientation and do rotation

A

external oblique
internal oblique
erector spinae

39
Q

what posterior abdominal muscles are there and what movement do they do

A

illiacus
psoas major
quadratus lumborum

  • anterior flexion (psaos)
  • lateral flexion
40
Q

what effect does ageing have on the intervertebral discs and bones

A

dehydration of intervertebral disc = reduced shock absorption

osteoarthritis, pain and stiffness of joints

41
Q

osteoporosis leads to compression fractures altering the curvature of the spine

A

hhh

42
Q

what anterior abdominal wall muscles are there

A

rectus abdominus
external oblique
internal oblique

Anatomy - Year 1 (10 decks)

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