Background Radiation and Contamination Flashcards
Atomic Structure (15 cards)
What is background radiation?
Low-level radiation that’s around us all the time.
It comes from various sources including natural isotopes, cosmic rays, and human activities.
What should you always measure and subtract from your results?
Background radiation
This is to avoid systematic errors.
What are the three main sources of background radiation?
- Radioactivity of naturally occurring unstable isotopes
- Radiation from space (cosmic rays)
- Radiation due to human activity (e.g., fallout)
Human activity represents a tiny proportion of total background radiation.
How is radiation dose measured?
In sieverts (Sv)
Millisieverts (mSv) are often used for smaller doses (1 Sv = 1000 mSv).
What does exposure to radiation refer to?
Irradiation
This means being exposed to radiation sources.
Does irradiating something make it radioactive?
No
Irradiation does not turn objects into radioactive materials.
What are some methods to reduce the effects of irradiation?
- Keeping sources in lead-lined boxes
- Standing behind barriers
- Using remote-controlled arms
These methods help protect individuals from radiation exposure.
What happens if unwanted radioactive atoms get onto an object?
The object is said to be contaminated
Contamination can lead to harm if radioactive particles decay.
Why is contamination especially dangerous?
Because radioactive particles could get inside your body.
This poses a significant health risk.
What protective gear should be used when handling radioactive sources?
- Gloves
- Tongs
- Protective suits
These help prevent contamination of skin or inhalation of particles.
Which type of radiation is most dangerous outside the body?
Beta and gamma radiation
They can penetrate the body and affect delicate organs.
Which type of radiation is the most dangerous inside the body?
Alpha radiation
It causes localized damage, making contamination a major concern.
How do beta and gamma sources compare to alpha sources inside the body?
- Beta sources are less damaging as radiation spreads over a wider area
- Gamma sources are the least dangerous as they mostly pass straight out
They have lower ionizing power compared to alpha sources.
Why is it important to understand how radiation affects our bodies?
To better protect ourselves when using it.
This understanding leads to improvements in the use of radioactive sources.
What is the process for research data on radiation?
Data is peer-reviewed and can quickly become accepted.
This process contributes to advancements in safety and usage of radioactive materials.
