Internal Energy and Changes of State Flashcards
Particle Model of Matter (12 cards)
What is Internal Energy?
The energy stored by the particles making up a system
Internal Energy includes both kinetic and potential energy of particles.
What types of energy do particles in a system have?
- Kinetic energy
- Potential energy
Kinetic energy is due to motion, while potential energy is due to position.
What is the total internal energy of a system?
The total energy that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores
Total internal energy accounts for all forms of energy within the system.
How does heating a system affect its internal energy?
It transfers energy to its particles, increasing their kinetic energy and speed
This increase in kinetic energy can lead to a rise in temperature.
What factors determine the change in temperature when heating a substance?
- Mass of the substance
- Specific heat capacity
- Energy input
Specific heat capacity is crucial for calculating temperature changes.
What happens during a change of state?
Particles gain enough energy to break the bonds holding them together
This process can occur during heating or cooling.
What are the changes of state for a liquid when heated?
It boils (or vaporizes) and becomes a gas
Boiling is a common change of state for liquids.
What happens to particles when a solid is heated?
It melts and becomes a liquid
Melting is another key change of state.
What occurs when a substance cools?
Particles lose energy and form bonds
This can lead to solidification or freezing.
What is a change of state classified as?
A physical change
It does not result in a new substance, just a different form.
What happens if you reverse a change of state?
The substance returns to its original form and properties
This applies to processes like freezing and melting.
What does the conservation of mass imply during a change of state?
The number of particles doesn’t change; they are just arranged differently
This means mass is conserved during state changes.
