bacteria and disease

Question 1

Presence of bacteria in the blood

Answer 1

BACTEREMIA

Question 2

relationship between two species in which one obtains benefits from the other without harming or benefiting it.

Answer 2

COMMENSALISM

Question 3

Presence of unwanted materials (chemical, biological or radiological) where they should not be

Answer 3

CONTAMINATION

Question 4

result of undesirable relationship between the host and the pathogen marked by normal functioning of a body part/parts.

Answer 4

DISEASE

Question 5

invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms. caused by some external agent that invades another organism, causing biological changes that result in illness symptoms

Answer 5

INFECTION

Question 6

Any association between two species populations that live together, whether the species benefit, harm, or have no effect on one another.

Answer 6

SYMBIOSIS

Question 7

form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit

Answer 7

MUTUALISM

Question 8

a relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefitted at the expense of the other

Answer 8

PARASITISM

Question 9

absolute ability of an infectious agent to cause disease/damage in a host—an infectious agent is either pathogenic or not.

Answer 9

PATHOGENICITY

Question 10

the introduction of harmful materials into the environment.

Answer 10

POLLUTION

Question 11

These harmful materials are called

Answer 11

pollutants

Question 12

blood poisoning caused by the presence in the blood of pus-producing microorganisms that are carried to various parts of the body, producing multiple abscesses, fever, chill, etc.

Answer 12

PYEMIA

Question 13

blood poisoning by bacteria

Answer 13

SEPTICEMIA

Question 14

presence of toxins in the blood

Answer 14

TOXEMIA

Question 15

medical term for viruses present in the bloodstream

Answer 15

VIREMIA

Question 16

pathogen’s or microorganism’s ability to cause damage to a host.

Answer 16

VIRULENCE

Question 17

German physician, one of the founders of bacteriology.
He discovered the anthrax disease cycle and the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis and cholera.
He received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1905 for his research on tuberculosis.

Answer 17

Robert Koch

Question 18

the pathogen (germ) that causes diseases

Answer 18

Infectious agent

Question 19

places in the environment where the pathogen lives (this includes people, animals and insects, medical equipment, and soil and water)

Answer 19

Reservoir

Question 20

way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir (through open wounds, aerosols, and splatter of body fluids including coughing, sneezing, and saliva)

Answer 20

Portal of exit

Question 21

the way the infectious agent can be passed on (through direct or indirect contact, ingestion, or inhalation)

Answer 21

Mode of transmission

Question 22

the way the infectious agent can enter a new host (through broken skin, the respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and catheters and tubes)

Answer 22

Portal of entry

Question 23

can be any person (the most vulnerable of whom are receiving healthcare, are immunocompromised, or have invasive medical devices including lines, devices, and airways)

Answer 23

Susceptible host

Question 24

ability to evade host defenses establishing portal of entry

Answer 24

Colonization

Question 25

poisonous substances contributing to disease production

Answer 25

Toxins

Question 26

are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cause Gram-negative sepsis.

Answer 26

Endotoxins

Question 27

are peptides that are mostly secreted by Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 27

Exotoxins

Question 28

a disease that is spread from one host to another, either directly or indirectly

Answer 28

Communicable disease

Question 29

disease is rapidly transmitted from one person to another

Answer 29

Contagious disease

Question 30

infection results in the death of the patient over a short period of time

Answer 30

Fulminant infection

Question 31

one that is not spread from one person to another, usually caused by organisms that normally inhabit the body and produce disease only occasionally or by organisms that produce disease when introduce into the body

Answer 31

Non-communicable disease

Question 32

if the source of infection agent is from outside the body

Answer 32

Exogenous infection

Question 33

can be considered as exogenous infections where the offending organism was obtained from the hospital environment during the period of confinement of the patient in the hospital

Answer 33

Nosocomial (Hospital-acquired infections)

Question 34

is one where the source of the causative organism is from inside the body

Answer 34

Endogenous infection

Question 35

disease that occurs occasionally

Answer 35

Sporadic disease

Question 36

a disease constantly present in a population at low levels

Answer 36

Endemic disease

Question 37

a great number of people in a given locality develop an infectious disease in relatively short period of time

Answer 37

Epidemic

Question 38

if a disease has a worldwide occurrence or involves at least three regions in the world

Answer 38

Pandemic

Question 39

one that develops rapidly but lasts for only a short period of time

Answer 39

Acute disease

Question 40

if the disease develops more slowly and occurs for long periods of time

Answer 40

Chronic disease

Question 41

one in which the causative organism remains inactive for a time but can become active again and produce symptoms of the disease

Answer 41

Latent disease

Question 42

one in which the invading organisms are limited to a relatively small area of the body

Answer 42

Localized infection

Question 43

one where the causative organisms or their products are spread throughout the body through blood or lymph

Answer 43

Systemic/ Generalized infection

Question 44

causative agents of a localized infection may enter a blood or lymphatic vessel, spread to specific parts of the body and become confined to specific areas. can arise from infections in areas such as teeth, tonsils, or sinuses

Answer 44

Focal infection

Question 45

an acute infection that causes the initial illness

Answer 45

Primary infection

Question 46

cause by opportunistic pathogens after the primary infection has weakened the body’s defenses. common in patients whose immune system have been compromised by another disease process

Answer 46

Secondary infection

Question 47

can prove to be more devastating than the primary infection

Answer 47

Secondary infection

Question 48

one that does not cause noticeable illness

Answer 48

Subclinical/ inapparent infection

Question 49

what are the Stages of an infectious disease

Answer 49

Incubation period Prodromal period Period of illness Period of decline Period of convalescence

Question 50

– the time interval between entry of the offending agent and the appearance of the initial signs and symptoms of the disease

Answer 50

Incubation period

Question 51

a relatively short period, is characterized by early, mild, symptoms of disease which are generally nonspecific

Answer 51

Prodromal disease

Question 52

corresponds to the period of maximal invasion – disease is most acute during this period – the patient manifests signs and symptoms

Answer 52

period of illness

Question 53

the signs and symptoms of the patient start to subside – patient becomes vulnerable to secondary infections

Answer 53

Period of decline (Period of defervescence)

Question 54

this period is marked by recovery of the patient from the disease – the patient regains strength and the body returns to its pre-diseased, normal condition

Answer 54

Period of convalescence