Lec chap 12-13

Question 1

The study of the occurrence, determinants and distribution of health and disease within healthcare setting

Answer 1

Healthcare epidemiology

Question 2

What is the primary focus of health care epidemiology

Answer 2

Infection control and prevention of health care associated infection

Question 3

It is an infectious disease that includes those that erupt within 14 days of hospital discharge

Answer 3

Hospital acquired infectionn (HAI)

Question 4

An infectious disease either present or incubating at the time of hospital admission

Answer 4

Community acquired infections

Question 5

An infection that results from medical or surgical treatment

Answer 5

latrogenic infection

Question 6

The greatest number of death was caused by a disease called

Answer 6

Pneumonia

Question 7

It is a type mode of transmission which pathogens are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person

Answer 7

Direct contact transmission

Question 8

It is a type of mode of transmission that happens when pathogens are transferred via a contaminated intermediate object or person

Answer 8

Indirect contact transmission

Question 9

A type of mode transmission which carry pathogen transmit infection when they travel from the respiratory tract of an infectious individual to susceptible mucosal surfaces of a recipients

Answer 9

Droplet transmission

Question 10

A type of mode of transmission that occurs with dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles containing pathogens

Answer 10

Airborne transmission

Question 11

A common type of HAI which is associated in gastrointestinal disease

Answer 11

Clostridium difficile

Question 12

A type of HAI also referred to as post surgical wound infection

Answer 12

Surgical site infection

Question 13

The numerous measures taken to prevent infections from occurring in healthcare settings

Answer 13

Infection control

Question 14

It means without infection that have two types

Answer 14

asepsis

Question 15

A type of asepsis which precautionary measures necessary to prevent direct transfer of pathogens from person to person and indirect transfer of pathogens through the air or on instruments

Answer 15

Medical asepsis

Question 16

A type of asepsis or sterile technique that practices used to render and keep objects and areas sterile

Answer 16

Surgical asepsis

Question 17

It is known as the clean technique

Answer 17

Medical asepsis

Question 18

It is known as a sterile technique

Answer 18

Surgical asepsis

Question 19

It’s goal is to exclude pathogens

Answer 19

Medical asepsis

Question 20

Its goal is to exclude all microbes

Answer 20

Surgical asepsis

Question 21

Disinfectants that will kill bacterial spores with prolong exposure times which is 3 to 12 hours

Answer 21

Chemical sterilants

Question 22

It kill all microbes including viruses except large number of bacterial spores

Answer 22

High level disinfectants

Question 23

It might kill myobacteria, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi but do not necessary kill bacteria spores

Answer 23

Intermediate level disinfectants

Question 24

Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses within 10 minutes of exposure

Answer 24

Low level disinfectants

Question 25

Surgical instruments cardiac and urinary catheters, implants and ultrasound probes used in sterile body cavities

Answer 25

Critical items

Question 26

An item contact mucous membranes or non intact skin and require high level disinfection

Answer 26

Semi critical items

Question 27

Those that come in contact with intact skin but not mucus membrane

Answer 27

Non-critical items

Question 28

A type of non-critical items such as bed pans,mblood pressure cuffs, crutches and computers

Answer 28

Non-critical patient care items

Question 29

A type of non critical items such as bedrails, some food utensils, bedside tables, patient furniture, and floors

Answer 29

Non-critical environmental surfaces

Question 30

To be applied to the care of all patients in all healthcare settings regardless of the suspected or confirm presence of an infectious agent

Answer 30

Standard precaution

Question 31

It is the most important and most basic technique in preventing and controlling infections and preventing the transmission of pathogen is

Answer 31

Hand washing

Question 32

It is used for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional safety precautions beyond standard precautions are required to interrupt transmission within healthcare setting

Answer 32

Transmission based precaution

Question 33

It is type of transmission based precaution that used for patient known or suspected to be infected and transmitted by direct contact or indirect contact

Answer 33

Contact precaution

Question 34

A type of transmission based precaution that used whenever a patient has c difficile or neurovirus infection

Answer 34

Contact enteric precaution

Question 35

Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream is known as

Answer 35

Bacteremia

Question 36

Is a serious disease characterized by chills, fever, prostration and the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream

Answer 36

Septicemia

Question 37

Contamination in urine is reduced by collecting a _____

Answer 37

Clean catch midstream urine (CCMU)

Question 38

Is a way of estimating the number of variable bacteria that are present in a urine specimen

Answer 38

Colony count

Question 39

Either 0.01 or 0.001 ml is used to inoculate the entire surface of a blood agar plate

Answer 39

Calibrated loop

Question 40

Is inflammation or infection of the membranes that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Answer 40

Meningitis

Question 41

Is inflammation or infection of the brain

Answer 41

Encephalitis

Question 42

Is inflammation or infection of both the brain and the meninges

Answer 42

Meningo encephalitis

Question 43

It is collected by lumbar puncture or spinal top into a sterile tube this is a surgically aseptic procedure performed by a physician

Answer 43

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 44

It is considered as STAT (emergency) specimen in the

Answer 44

CSF

Question 45

A pus that accumulates deep within the lungs of a patient with pneumonia tuberculosis or other respiratory tract infection

Answer 45

Sputum