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Micro Exam III > Bacteria Infections of GI III > Flashcards

Bacteria Infections of GI III Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Vibrio spp.

A

gram neg, facilitative anaerobes
comma shaped
free-living in water
grow at a range of PH, temp

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2
Q

Cholera symptoms

A 
severe watery (rice water) stool
abrupt onset, can kill VERY fast
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3
Q

How is cholera spread

A

contaminated water

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4
Q

Immunity for cholera

A

O antigen specific

you can be immune to one strain, but not others

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5
Q

Virulence for vibrio cholerae

A

toxin-coregulated pilus

cholera toxin

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6
Q

How does cholera toxin work

A

AB toxin

activates adenylate cyclase, increases cAMP

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7
Q

How do you diagnose cholera

A

culture - differential media

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8
Q

How do you treat cholera

A

rehydration therapy - IV and oral

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9
Q

What does vibrio parahaemolyticus cause

A

explosive watery diarrhea, nausea, low grade fever

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10
Q

Virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

kanagawa hemolysis - induces chloride secretion

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11
Q

What is vibrio parahaemolyticus assocaited with

A

consumption of raw shellfish

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12
Q

How do you prevent vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

proper cooking of shellfish

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13
Q

Treatment of vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

it goes away on it’s own, supportive therapy

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14
Q

Characteristics of yersinia enterocoliticia

A

gram negative coccobacilli

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15
Q

How is yersinia enterocoliticia spread

A

widespread in nature and animals

ingestion of contaminated water, food

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16
Q

Symptoms of yersinia enterocoliticia

A

fever, cramps, watery to bloody diarrhea

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17
Q

Pathogensis of yersinia enterocoliticia

A

binds to and invades M cells in terminal ileum, involves T3SS and injection of Yops
produces heat-stable enterotoxin

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18
Q

How do you diagnose yersinia enterocolitica

A

stool culture

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19
Q

How do you treat yersinia enterocolitica

A

goes away on it’s own - supportive therapy

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20
Q

Characteristics of clostridium difficile

A

gram positive anaerobe
non-invasive
spore forming

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21
Q

What can c. diff cause

A

CDAD
pseudomembrane colitis
fulminant colitis with toxic megacolon

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22
Q

Symptoms of CDAD

A

watery diarrhea
fecal leukocytes
leukocytosis with left shift

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23
Q

CDAD physical exam

A

abdominal distenstion

tenderness

24
Q

CDAD sigmoidoscopic exam

A

diffuse or patchy nonspecific colitis

25
Q

Pseudomembrane colitic symptoms

A

same as CDAD but more severe

26
Q

Pseudomembrane colitis physical exam

A

abdominal distension

tenderness

27
Q

Pseudomembrane colitis sigmoidoscopic exam

A

raised, adherent yellow plaques

28
Q

Fulminant colitis symptoms

A

severe or diminished diarrhea

lethargy, fever, tachycardia

29
Q

Fulminant colitis physical exam

A

acute abdominal pain

30
Q

Fulminant colitis treatment

A

sx

31
Q

Pathogensis of c. diff

A

Toxin A and toxin B cause damage to mucosa, disrupt host cytoskeleton, cause diarrhea

32
Q

What is c. diff associated with

A

long term broad spectrum abx, especially in hospitalized pts

33
Q

How do you diagnosis c. diff

A

toxin detected in stool

34
Q

How do you treat c. diff

A

oral vancomycin or metronidazole

35
Q

How do you prevent c. diff

A

fecal transplant

36
Q

EHEC characteristics

A

gram neg, facilitative anaerobe

nono-invasice

37
Q

EHEC resevoirs

A

cattle/ruminants - think H for hamburger

38
Q

Symptoms of EHEC

A

hemorrhagic colitis
no fever, abdominal tenderness
sequelae

39
Q

EHEC virulence factor

A

shiga-like toxin

40
Q

How do shiga-like toxin work

A

blocks translation by cleaving part of the 60S subunit of the ribosome, and kills cells

41
Q

How do you diagnosis EHEC

A

basically if they have bloody diarrhea w/o fever
culture
PCR

42
Q

How do treat EHEC

A

supportive

DON’T FUCKING GIVE ABX

43
Q

How do you prevent EHEC

A

properly cook hamburger, veggies

44
Q

Characteristics of shigella

A

gram neg rod

facilitative anaerobe

45
Q

Resevoir of shigella

A

humans

46
Q

transmission of shigella

A

fecal-oral

47
Q

Infectious dose of shigella

A

super low

48
Q

What is shigella often associated with

A

day care centers, places of poor sanitation

49
Q

Symptoms of s. sonneii

A

fever, malaise, watery diarrhea

50
Q

Symptoms of s. flexerni

A

fever, malaise, watery diarrhea, bloody and pus filled stools

51
Q

Symptoms of s. dysenteriae

A

same as s. flexerni plus risk for HUS

52
Q

Pathogensis of shigella

A 
adhere to and pass through M cells
phagocytosis by macrophages, escape macrophages
induce uptake via T3SS
lysis of vacuole
spread to neighboring cells
53
Q

Shiga toxin production

A

binds host Gb3 receptor, inhibits translation

54
Q

How do you diagnosis shigella

A

stool culture

serological tests

55
Q

How do you treat shigella

A

rehydration therapy

maybe abx

56
Q

How do you prevent shigella

A

no vax

improve sanitation

57
Q

Enteroinvasive E coli

A

very uncommon

same as shigella but without shiga toxin

Micro Exam III (9 decks)

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