Bacteria Infections of GI III

Question 1

Characteristics of Vibrio spp.

Answer 1

gram neg, facilitative anaerobes
comma shaped
free-living in water
grow at a range of PH, temp

Question 2

Cholera symptoms

Answer 2

severe watery (rice water) stool
abrupt onset, can kill VERY fast

Question 3

How is cholera spread

Answer 3

contaminated water

Question 4

Immunity for cholera

Answer 4

O antigen specific

you can be immune to one strain, but not others

Question 5

Virulence for vibrio cholerae

Answer 5

toxin-coregulated pilus

cholera toxin

Question 6

How does cholera toxin work

Answer 6

AB toxin

activates adenylate cyclase, increases cAMP

Question 7

How do you diagnose cholera

Answer 7

culture - differential media

Question 8

How do you treat cholera

Answer 8

rehydration therapy - IV and oral

Question 9

What does vibrio parahaemolyticus cause

Answer 9

explosive watery diarrhea, nausea, low grade fever

Question 10

Virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 10

kanagawa hemolysis - induces chloride secretion

Question 11

What is vibrio parahaemolyticus assocaited with

Answer 11

consumption of raw shellfish

Question 12

How do you prevent vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 12

proper cooking of shellfish

Question 13

Treatment of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 13

it goes away on it’s own, supportive therapy

Question 14

Characteristics of yersinia enterocoliticia

Answer 14

gram negative coccobacilli

Question 15

How is yersinia enterocoliticia spread

Answer 15

widespread in nature and animals

ingestion of contaminated water, food

Question 16

Symptoms of yersinia enterocoliticia

Answer 16

fever, cramps, watery to bloody diarrhea

Question 17

Pathogensis of yersinia enterocoliticia

Answer 17

binds to and invades M cells in terminal ileum, involves T3SS and injection of Yops
produces heat-stable enterotoxin

Question 18

How do you diagnose yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 18

stool culture

Question 19

How do you treat yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 19

goes away on it’s own - supportive therapy

Question 20

Characteristics of clostridium difficile

Answer 20

gram positive anaerobe
non-invasive
spore forming

Question 21

What can c. diff cause

Answer 21

CDAD
pseudomembrane colitis
fulminant colitis with toxic megacolon

Question 22

Symptoms of CDAD

Answer 22

watery diarrhea
fecal leukocytes
leukocytosis with left shift

Question 23

CDAD physical exam

Answer 23

abdominal distenstion

tenderness

Question 24

CDAD sigmoidoscopic exam

Answer 24

diffuse or patchy nonspecific colitis

Question 25

Pseudomembrane colitic symptoms

Answer 25

same as CDAD but more severe

Question 26

Pseudomembrane colitis physical exam

Answer 26

abdominal distension | tenderness

Question 27

Pseudomembrane colitis sigmoidoscopic exam

Answer 27

raised, adherent yellow plaques

Question 28

Fulminant colitis symptoms

Answer 28

severe or diminished diarrhea | lethargy, fever, tachycardia

Question 29

Fulminant colitis physical exam

Answer 29

acute abdominal pain

Question 30

Fulminant colitis treatment

Answer 30

sx

Question 31

Pathogensis of c. diff

Answer 31

Toxin A and toxin B cause damage to mucosa, disrupt host cytoskeleton, cause diarrhea

Question 32

What is c. diff associated with

Answer 32

long term broad spectrum abx, especially in hospitalized pts

Question 33

How do you diagnosis c. diff

Answer 33

toxin detected in stool

Question 34

How do you treat c. diff

Answer 34

oral vancomycin or metronidazole

Question 35

How do you prevent c. diff

Answer 35

fecal transplant

Question 36

EHEC characteristics

Answer 36

gram neg, facilitative anaerobe | nono-invasice

Question 37

EHEC resevoirs

Answer 37

cattle/ruminants - think H for hamburger

Question 38

Symptoms of EHEC

Answer 38

hemorrhagic colitis no fever, abdominal tenderness sequelae

Question 39

EHEC virulence factor

Answer 39

shiga-like toxin

Question 40

How do shiga-like toxin work

Answer 40

blocks translation by cleaving part of the 60S subunit of the ribosome, and kills cells

Question 41

How do you diagnosis EHEC

Answer 41

basically if they have bloody diarrhea w/o fever culture PCR

Question 42

How do treat EHEC

Answer 42

supportive | DON'T FUCKING GIVE ABX

Question 43

How do you prevent EHEC

Answer 43

properly cook hamburger, veggies

Question 44

Characteristics of shigella

Answer 44

gram neg rod | facilitative anaerobe

Question 45

Resevoir of shigella

Answer 45

humans

Question 46

transmission of shigella

Answer 46

fecal-oral

Question 47

Infectious dose of shigella

Answer 47

super low

Question 48

What is shigella often associated with

Answer 48

day care centers, places of poor sanitation

Question 49

Symptoms of s. sonneii

Answer 49

fever, malaise, watery diarrhea

Question 50

Symptoms of s. flexerni

Answer 50

fever, malaise, watery diarrhea, bloody and pus filled stools

Question 51

Symptoms of s. dysenteriae

Answer 51

same as s. flexerni plus risk for HUS

Question 52

Pathogensis of shigella

Answer 52

``` adhere to and pass through M cells phagocytosis by macrophages, escape macrophages induce uptake via T3SS lysis of vacuole spread to neighboring cells ```

Question 53

Shiga toxin production

Answer 53

binds host Gb3 receptor, inhibits translation

Question 54

How do you diagnosis shigella

Answer 54

stool culture | serological tests

Question 55

How do you treat shigella

Answer 55

rehydration therapy | maybe abx

Question 56

How do you prevent shigella

Answer 56

no vax | improve sanitation

Question 57

Enteroinvasive E coli

Answer 57

very uncommon | same as shigella but without shiga toxin