Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism (ch.7) Flashcards
Eli Whitney
Inventor that introduced the first musket made of interchangeable parts and the Cotton Gin.
Cottin Gin
Machine for cleaning seeds from short-staple cotton. Invented by Eli Whitney.
Interchangeable Parts
Parts that are exactly alike.
Industrial Revolution
Social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed.
Nationalism
The belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries.
American System
Three main points: developing transportation systems and other internal improvements, establishing a protective tariff, and resurrecting the national bank.
Missouri Compromise
Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, thus preserving the sectional balance in the Senate. The rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into two spheres of interest, one for slaveholders and one for free settlers. The dividing line was set at 36 30 north latitude.
Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams’ chief political opponent.
Spoils System
Incoming officials throw out former appointees and replace them with their own friends. Practiced by Jackson’s administration.
Trail of Tears
The Cherokee were sent in groups of 1,000 on an 800 mile journey mostly on foot. They were stolen from, and buried about a quarter of their people along the trail.
Bank of the United States
Would issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds. Would be funded by the federal government and wealthy private investors. Andrew Jackson waged a very personal war on it; he vetoed the bill to recharter the bank.
Key changes in technology that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.
The Cotton Gin and the introduction of interchangeable parts.
Sectional differences over the Tariff of 1816 and internal improvements.
Most Northeasterners welcomed protective tariffs with relief. However, people in the South and West, whose livelihoods did not depend on manufacturing, were not as eager to tax European imports. They resented any government intervention that would make goods more expensive. Could help pay for roads, canals, and lighthouses.
Why conflict arose over the admission of Missouri to the Union.
If Missouri was admitted to the Union, that would throw off the balance between slave states and free states.
Why President Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States
Said it was a monster that corrupted the statesmen and wanted to destroy the republican institution.
