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Sommlier Intro > Basic > Flashcards

Basic Flashcards

1
Q

What is Viticulture?

A

The cultivation of grapevines.
Where viness can be grown.

Location/ geography
Climate
Topography/ aspect
Soil
etc…

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2
Q

What is Climate?

A

is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.

The climate of a particular region directly determines whether grapes can begrown at all and strongly influences which varieties can thrive.

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3
Q

What is latitudinal zones of wine making?

A

Between 30 and 50 latitudes in the Northernand Southern hemispheres.

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4
Q

How describing the climate when discussing the climate?

A

Large to small
Macroclimate, mesoclimate, and microclimate.

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5
Q

What is Macroclimate?

A

Climate of a large area such as a region or country.

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6
Q

What is a Mesoclimate?

A

the climate of particular vineyard site.

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7
Q

What is Microclimate?

A

Climate within the vineyard canopy.

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8
Q

Continental climate

A

Strong anuual variation, big diurnal shifts, and seasonal rain.

Hot summer cold winter.
Hot daytime and Cold nighttime.

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9
Q

Maritime climate

A

A climate influenced by a large body of water, mild temperature and rainy all the time.

A mild temperatures that can fluctuate from year to yeat, causing vintage variation.

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10
Q

Mediterranean climate

A

Between continental and maritime.
influence of water, seasonal rain.

Summer is hot and dry (no rain)
Along the coasts, summers is mild because close to cold water.
Stomsも起こる(many rains in winter)

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11
Q

High dessert climate

A

Summers are generally hot and dry. Daytime temperaturesare high, but dramatic drops are often experienced overnight.
No rain

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12
Q

What is Diurnal shift?
and how does affect to grape?

A

The difference between average daytime high andnighttime low temperatures.

This can affect the ripening of grapesand the balancing of acidity and sugar.

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13
Q

What is sunshine hours?

A

The number of sunshine hours a vineyard or wine regionreceives in a given vintage year or growing seasons

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14
Q

What is bodies of water?
And how does it effect to regions?

A

River, Ocean and Lake
Can warm or cool wine regions

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15
Q

How does a Mountain has influence on climate?

A

Can protect a wine region from surrounding weatheror climate influences.

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16
Q

What is rain shadow?

A

A dry area on one side of a mountain opposite thewind, rain, and generally poor weather. There are many important wineregions in the world that exist in rain shadows.

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17
Q

How affect Altitude / Elevation effect to vineyard?

A

zwith every 100 meters of rise in elevation, temperatures drop by one degree.

In hot wine regions, increased elevation provides cooler temperature that help to slow grape riping and produce more balanced wines.

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18
Q

How Wind effect vineyards?

A

Depending on the direction from which winds originate, wind can cool a growing region (from cool ocean water), or lend warmth and drier air (from dessert) helping prevent mold or rot.

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19
Q

What is Topography?

A

A vineyard, region or area that made up of varying hills, slops, rivers and others feathers that make that sight unique.
elevation

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20
Q

How does “Steeper Hillsides” affect how vines grow?

A

Provide better drainage of soil, are often less fertile due to erosion(浸食する) and lower chance to frost, as cool air will fall from the upper slope.
They are harder to maintain during the growing season, and to harvest.

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21
Q

What is “Valley Floors”?

How does “Valley Floors” affect how vines grow?

A

Valley Floors are the lowest part of bottom of a valley.

Poor air, are susceptible to frost and are sometimes have overly fertile soil.

22
Q

What is “Aspect”?

How does “Aspect” affect how vines grow?

A

Aspect is slopes facing the sun during much of the day are the warmest, whereas those facing away from sun are the coolest.

Either can be desirable depending on the climate of the region and on whether rising or retention of acidity is most desires.

23
Q

What is the important properties of various soil types? (3)

A

-Draining of water
-Water retention
-Sun reflection

24
Q

What does grapes skins provide to wine?

A

-Tannins
Lend structure, also astringency in red wine.

-Color
Intensity and hue(色)

-Flavor
Aroma and flavors

25
Q

What does pulp provide to wine?

A

-Water
-Sugar
Increase as grapes ripen
-Acids
Decrease as grapes as grape ripen
-Seed/Pips
Bitter flavors if presses

26
Q

What is species of vining plants that produce grapes for wine production?

A

Vitis vinifera
(the European grapevine species)
Vitis labrusca
(the American)

Vitis riparia

27
Q

What are factors to consider when choosing a grape variety for a specific vineyard?

A

-First and foremost is local law.

-Climate compatibility

-Soil Compatibility

28
Q

What is “Viticulture Propagation”?

A

Term for grape vine breeding
(ブドウの繁殖)

29
Q

What is “Hybrids”?

A

Are vines of two or more different species combined to produce a new variety.

Vitis vinifera x Vitis labrusca

30
Q

What is the example of Hybrids?

A

Cabernet Dore
Cayuga
Chardonel
La Crescent
Serval Blanc

Baco Noir
Catawba
Chambourcin
Frontenac
Marquette

31
Q

What is “Crosses”?

A

Are vines of the same species combined to create a new variety.

Vitis vinifera x Vitis vinifera

32
Q

What is “Clones” vine?

A

Are identical genetic reproductions of a single vine.

33
Q

Why do hybrids,
crosses, and clones
exist?

A

Were originally cultivated in response to phylloxera.

34
Q

How does Cool Climate effect to wine style?

A

-Grapes ripen slowly and moderately
-Less sugar produced
-Acidity remains high
-Less alcohol potencial
-Flavors are more tart and lean, less ripe and juicy

35
Q

How does Warm Climate effect to wine style?

A

-Grapes ripen fully
-More sugar is produced
-Acidity is lower
-Higher alcohol potental
-Flavors are more ripe, lush and just

36
Q

What is “Vineyard Architecture “?

A

How the vines in the vineyard are laid out.

37
Q

What is “Green Harvest”?

A

A crop thinning method of dropping or cutting unripe grape bunches off the vine before harvest to decrease yields and allow the vine to focus it’s energy and nutrients on fewer, higher quality bunches.

収穫するブドウの品質を上げるために。まだみが緑の段階でいくつか切り捨てること。”間引き”

38
Q

What is “Canopy Management”?

A

Management the growth of the vine’s leaves, often to shade or expose the grape bunches or to determine the flow of air through vine rows.
canopy = leaf

房の周りの環境を葉っぱの密集状態を改善することによって変えてやると、房には太陽の光が届きやすくなり、同時に空気の流れがよくなって湿度の状態が改善され病気の発生も抑えられる

39
Q

What is “Irrigation”?

A

Providing the vine with water through an array of method.
Whether this practice is allowed or not is governed by law in many
European wine regions

40
Q

What is “Phylloxera”?

A

This is a vine louse that destroyed a third of the world’s vines beginning in the late 1800s.

41
Q

What is “Terroir” ?

A

The natural environment includes factors such as a soil, topography and climate.

Is the entire se of factors that influence the development of the vine’s fruits and characteristics the fruits will show once vilified.

weather, climate, topography

42
Q

What is the terms refers to the climate of single vineyards site?

A

Mesoclimate

43
Q

The majority of the worlds vineyards are planted:

A

Between the 30 and 50 latitude lines

44
Q

Which of these is not a moderator that can help warm a microclimate?
a. Wind
b. Rivers
c. Soil
d. Vine training systme

A

d. Vine training system

45
Q

Which type of climate is defined by its proximity to a large body of water?

A

Maritime

46
Q

Name of three positive effects of wind in vineyards.

A
47
Q

Most quality grape varieties we see today are made from which
vine species?

A

Vitis Vinifera

48
Q

Explain why “green harvest” is practiced

A

To decrease yields and allow the vine to focus its energy and nutrients on fewer, higher quality bunches

49
Q

What is “Vinification”?

A

The process of transforming grape juice into wine.
醸造

50
Q

What is the example of Vinification Factors?

A
  • Pre-Fermentation Factors
  • Fermentation
  • Types of Winemaking
    – White, Rosé and Red Wine
    – Sparkling Wine
    – Sweet and Fortified Wine
  • Fermentation Vessels
  • Aging and Maturation
  • Important Vinification Terms
  • Preparation for Bottling
  • Packaging
51
Q
A
52
Q

What is “hills” and “slopes”?

A

Hills is a landform that extend above the surrounding terrain.丘

Slopes is the direction and the steepness of the line.傾き

Sommlier Intro (23 decks)

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