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Chemistry AS > Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

Define a General Formula

A

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds

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2
Q

Define a empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound (cancel the numbers down if possible)

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3
Q

What is the empirical formula of ethane, C2H6?

A

CH3

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4
Q

Define molecular formula

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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5
Q

Define Structural formula

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups

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6
Q

Define skeletal formula

A

Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups. The hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown. This is handy for drawing large complicated structures, like cyclic hydrocarbons.

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7
Q

Define Displayed formula

A

Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.

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8
Q

What are the general groups called in organic chemistry?

A

Homologous series

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9
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula

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10
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a alkane?

A

-ane

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11
Q

What is CH3CH2CH3 as an alkane?

A

Propane

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12
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a branched alkane?

A

-alkyl- (-yl)

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13
Q

What is CH3CH(CH3)CH3 as a branches alkane?

A

Methylpropane

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14
Q

What is CH3CH=CH2 as a alkene?

A

Propene

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15
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a alkene?

A

-ene

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16
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a haloalkanes?

A

Chloro-/Bromo-/iodo-

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17
Q

What is CH3CH2Cl as a haloalkane?

A

Chloroenthane

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18
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a alcohol?

A

-ol

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19
Q

What is CH3CH2OH as an alcohol?

A

ethanol

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20
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a aldehydes?

A

-al

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21
Q

What is CH3CHO as an aldehyde?

A

ethanal

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22
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a ketone?

A

-one

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23
Q

What is CH3COCH3?

A

propanone

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24
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of a cycloalkane?

A

-cyclo-…-ane

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25
What is C6H12 as a cycloalkane?
Cyclohexane
26
What is the prefix/suffix of a carboxylic acid?
-oic acid
27
What is CH3COOH?
Ethanoic acid
28
What is the prefix/suffix of a ester?
alkyl-... -anoate
29
What is CH3CH2COOCH3?
Methyl propanoate
30
What is organic chemistry?
The study of carbon compounds
31
How many covalent bonds can carbon make?
4
32
What kind of bonds does carbon make?
Covalent
33
What is catenation?
Carbons ability to form long chains of Carbon atoms
34
What type of bonds can carbon form?
Single, Double and triple bonds
35
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
36
What does saturated mean?
Organic compounds containing only single (sigma) bonds
37
What does unsaturated mean?
Organic compounds containing one or more double or triple bonds
38
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by a CH2 group.
39
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristics reactions of a compound
40
What is a Aliphatic chain?
Carbon atoms are joined in a straight or branched chain
41
What is a Alicyclic chain?
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in a ring structure
42
What is a Aromatic compound?
Compounds containing at least one benzene ring
43
What is the suffix for a alkene?
-ene
44
What is the suffix for a alcohol?
-ol
45
What is the suffix for a haloalkane?
none
46
What is the suffix for a aldehyde?
-al
47
What is the suffix for a ketone?
-one
48
What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?
-oic acid
49
What is the suffix for a ester?
-oate
50
What is the suffix for a acyl chloride?
-oyl chlordie
51
What is the suffix for a amine?
-amine
52
What is the suffix for a nitrile?
-nitrile
53
What is the prefix for a alcohol?
Hydroxyl-
54
What is the prefix for a haloalkane?
Chloro- , Bromo-, Iodo-
55
What is the prefix for a amine?
Amino-
56
What is the functional group for a alkene?
C=C
57
What is the functional group for a alcohol?
-OH
58
What is the functional group for a haloalkane?
-Cl , -Br ,-I
59
What is the functional group for a aldehyde?
-CHO
60
What is the functional group for a ketone?
-C(CO)C-
61
What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid?
-COOH
62
What is the functional group for a ester?
-COOC-
63
What is the functional group for a acyl chloride?
-COCl
64
What is the functional group for a amine?
-NH2
65
What is the functional group for a nitrile?
-CN
66
Define Chemical formula
Different types of formulae are used in organic chemistry
67
Define molecular formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule eg C2H6 for ethanol
68
Define Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each elements in a molecule eg CH2 for ethene, C2H4
69
Define General formula
The simplest algebraic formula for a member of a homologous series eg. CnH2n+2 for alkenes
70
Define structural formulae
Use the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule
71
Define displayed formula
Shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
72
Define skeletal formula
A simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
73
What are the stems for carbon chains from 1 to 10?
1. meth- 2. eth- 3. prop- 4. but- 5. pent- 6. hex- 7. hept- 8. oct- 9. non- 10. dec-
74
Define an Isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
75
What are the three types of structural isomerism?
Positional, Chain and Functional Group
76
What are the two types of stereoisomerism?
E/Z and optical
77
Define structural isomer
Have different structural formulae
78
Define Stereoisomers
Stereoisomers have the same structural formula, but the 3D arrangement of atoms is different.
79
Define chain isomerism
The carbon chain is arranged differently
80
Define positional isomerism
The functional group is attached to a different carbon atom
81
Define functional group isomers
They contain different functional groups and so are members of different homologous series
82
What is bond fission ?
The initial stage of an organic reaction which involves breaking a covalent bond.
83
What are the two types of bond fission?
1. Homolytic Fission | 2. Heterolytic Fission
84
Define Homolytic fission
Each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons
85
Define Heterolytic fission
One of the bonded atoms takes both of the shared pairs of electrons
86
What is formed after homolytic fission?
Ions
87
What is formed after heterolytic fission?
Radicals
88
What is a radical?
An atom or group of atoms with one or more unpaired electrons
89
What is a organic reaction mechanism?
A reaction mechanism details how the reaction takes place and what happens in each stage of a reaction
90
What does a FULL curly arrow show?
The movement of a PAIR of electrons
91
What does a Fish-hook curly arrow show?
The movement of a single/ unpaired electron
92
What product is resulted in after heterolytic fission?
A carbocation and ion
93
What product is resulted in after homolytic fission?
Radicals
94
What is a addition reaction?
When 2 molecules join to make 1 molecule
95
What is a substitution reaction?
An atom/ group of atoms is replaced by another atom/ group of atoms.
96
What is a elimination reaction?
Removal of a smaller molecules from a larger molecule.

Chemistry AS (16 decks)

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