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Chemistry AS > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What colour are Group 2 compounds?

A

White or colourless

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2
Q

What are Group 2?

A

Alkaline earth metals

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3
Q

Are group 2 hard or soft metals?

A

Soft metals with low melting points

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4
Q

Are group 2 reactive or non reactive?

A

Reactive so usually found in compounds

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5
Q

What do Group 2 react with?

A

They undergo REDOX reactions with oxygen, water and dilute acids

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6
Q

What are Group 2 known as?

A

The halogens

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7
Q

What happens to Group 2 electron configurations during a reaction?

A

They react by loosing their outer 2 electrons to form 2+ ions

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8
Q

What type of agents are group 2 elements? What does that mean?

A

Reducing agents: a substance that causes another species to be reduced

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9
Q

What is produced when a Group 2 metal reacts with water?

A

They form an alkaline hydroxide and hydrogen gas

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10
Q

What can be observed when Group 2 elements react with water?

A

Fizzing/ effervescence and the solid dissapears

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11
Q

How does reactivity change down the group?

A

Reactivity increases down Group 2

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12
Q

What is observed during the REDOX reaction with oxygen and a halogen?

A

Burns with a bright white flame and white powder is produced

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13
Q

What is formed and seen when a halogen reacts with a dilute acid?

A

A salt is formed in addition to hydrogen gas, fizzing/ effervescence is seen and the solid disspears

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14
Q

How is shielding and atomic radius effected down Group 2?

A

They increase

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15
Q

How is nuclear attraction effected down Group 2?

A

It decreases

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16
Q

How is reactivity effected down Group 2?

A

Increases

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17
Q

How is the first ionisation energy effected down group 2?

A

Decreases

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18
Q

What is produced when group 2 oxides react with water?

A

Hydroxides

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19
Q

What is the typical pH of a Group 2 oxide?

A

Between pH 10-12

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20
Q

Are Group 2 oxides soluble? What happens when the solution becomes saturated?

A

Only slightly in water, once saturated a solid white precipitate forms

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21
Q

How is solubility in water effected by going down Group 2?

A

Increases down the group

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22
Q

How is alkalinity effected going down Group 2?

A

Increases

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23
Q

How is pH effected by going down Group 2?

A

Increases

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24
Q

What is a use for calcium hydroxide?

A

Reduce soil acidity

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25
What is a use for magnesium hydroxide?
Neutralising excess HCl in the stomach
26
What is the outermost shell configuration for halogens?
ns2np5
27
Are halogens atomic or diatomic?
All diatomic
28
How stable are halogen as a element?
Very unstable to they are mostly found in metal compounds
29
What temperature can halogens be found?
Room temperature
30
What is the room temperature appearance of F2?
Pale yellow gas
31
What is the room temperature appearance of Cl2?
Pale green gas
32
What is the room temperature appearance of I2?
Red- Brown liquid
33
What is the room temperature appearance of Br2?
Shiny grey-black solid
34
What is the room temperature appearance of At2?
Never been seen
35
How are London forces effected down group 7?
Increased in strength
36
How is the energy required to break intermolecular bonds effected down group 7?
The bonds are stronger so more energy is required
37
How is boiling point effected down group 7?
Increased
38
How is the number of electrons effected down group 7?
Increased
39
What colour is solutions of halogens?
They all form different colours
40
Are halogens polar?
No they are non-polar so more soluble in non polar solvents like alkanes
41
What is the colour of Chlorine in water?
Very pale yellow
42
What is the colour of Bromine in water?
Orange
43
What is the colour of Iodine in water?
Brown
44
What is the colour of Chlorine in an alkane?
Pale Green
45
What is the colour of Bromine in an alkane?
Orange
46
What is the colour of Iodine in an alkane?
Violet
47
Why do two layers form if water are cyclohexane are mixed?
They are immiscible
48
What type of agent are halogen and what does this mean?
Halogen react by gaining an electron so are oxidising agents: they oxidise another species
49
Why does the halogens oxidising agent decrease down group 7?
Down the group the atomic radius and shielding increase, nuclear attraction decreases so ability to gain an electron decreases
50
Define disproportionation
A single element is both oxidised and reduced in the same reaction
51
What colour is the precipitate produced by AgCl (s) and silver nitrate?
White
52
What colour is the precipitate produced by AgBr (s) and silver nitrate?
Cream
53
What colour is the precipitate produced by AgI (s) and silver nitrate?
Yellow
54
What 4 things can you observe during a reaction?
1. Effervescence 2. Colour change 3. Precipitates 4. Identification
55
How can SO4 2- be identified?
By precipitation with Ba2+ (aq)
56
How can CO3 2- be identified?
By reaction with H+ (aq) to form CO2(g)
57
How can Cl-, Br-, I- be identified?
By precipitation with Ag+ (aq) / solubility in NH3 solution
58
How can NH4+ be identified?
Warm with NaOH(aq) to form NH3
59
What test can be used to identify the Carbonate ion, CO3 2- ?
Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid Observe effervescence due to CO2 gas
60
What test can be used to identify the Sulfate ion, SO4 2-?
Add an equal volume of barium nitrate (aq) Observe a white precipitate of barium nitrate
61
What test can be used to identify the Chloride ion, Cl-?
Add an equal volume of silver nitrate (aq) observe a white precipitate of silver chloride ( soluble in ammonia solution)
62
What test can be used to identify the Bromide ion, Br-?
Add an equal volume of silver nitrate (aq) Observe a cream precipitate of silver bromide (soluble in concentrated ammonia solution)
63
What test can be used to identify the Iodide ion, I-?
Add an equal volume of aqueous silver nitrate Observe a yellow precipitate of silver iodide ( in both dilute and concentrated ammonia solution)
64
What test can be used to identify the Ammonium ion, NH4+?
Warm with dilute sodium hydroxide and test any gas given off with damp red litmus paper. Observe gas (ammonia) which turns litmus paper blue
65
Why must some ion tests be carried out in a specific order?
In order to avoid false positive results
66
What are the for ion tests and what order must you carry them out in?
1. Carbonate, CO3 2- 2. Sulphate, SO4 2- 3. Halides, Cl-, Br-, I- 4. Ammonium ion test

Chemistry AS (16 decks)

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