Basic Immunology

Question 1

a study of molecules, cells, organs, and systems that recognize and
dispose foreign materials, “non-self” (how and its consequences)

Answer 1

immunology

Question 2

main stars of immunology

Answer 2

lymphocytes

Question 3

consequences of immunity

Answer 3

allergy, organ rejection, and autoimmune disorders

Question 4

body’s first line of defense

Answer 4

1. Unbroken Skin
2. Mucus membrane
3. Sebum from Sebaceous glands
4. Lactic acid in sweat
5. Earwax
6. Excretion of Solids and Liquids (feces/urine)
7. Acidity of Stomach, Intestines, and Vagina
8. Cilia in respiratory tract
9. Tears (With IgA)
10. Saliva

Question 5

natural immunity, inborn/innate

Answer 5

second line

Question 6

-Non-specific, No exposure required, No
memory
- RAPID

Answer 6

second line

Question 7

second line includes

Answer 7

phagocytes (neutrophils), complement, acute inflammatory reaction (acute phase reactants)

Question 8

adaptive immunity, acquired

Answer 8

third line

Question 9

specific, can recognize, can remember , can respond

Answer 9

third line

Question 10

cannot recognize if self or non self

Answer 10

third line

Question 11

slow acting

Answer 11

third line

Question 12

benefits of third line defense

Answer 12

acquire immunologic memory

Question 13

third line defense includes two

Answer 13

cellular (lymphocytes) humoral (antibodies, complement)

Question 14

• recognized as a foreign body
• can be a protein, carbohydrate, or lipid

Answer 14

antigen

Question 15

antigens of the host, no reaction in normal circumstances

Answer 15

autoantigens

Question 16

antigen of the others

Answer 16

alloantigens

Question 17

antigens from other species

Answer 17

heteroantigens

Question 18

composition of antigen

Answer 18

epitope, haptens, carrier

Question 19

• part of the antigen that reacts with antibody
• Each is recognized by different antibody

Answer 19

epitope

Question 20

responsible for the specificity of the antigen

Answer 20

epitope

Question 21

• partial antigen
• non immunogenic alone (it needs a carrier)

Answer 21

haptens

Question 22

responsible for the molecular weight of the antigen

Answer 22

carrier

Question 23

carriers are usually over ____ daltons

Answer 23

10,000 daltons

Question 24

factors of immunogenicity

Answer 24

1. foreignness
2. number
3. molecular weight
4. complex
5. structural stability

Question 25

non self vs. self

Answer 25

foreignness

Question 26

to produce a response, immunogen should be

Answer 26

a sufficient number

Question 27

the ___ the MW, the more effective it is

Answer 27

the higher the more effective

Question 28

more complex immunogenicity means more ___

Answer 28

effective

Question 29

structural ability: with extensive branching

Answer 29

polysaccharides

Question 30

structural ability: simple, lacks structural ability

Answer 30

lipids

Question 31

structural ability: simple

Answer 31

nucleic acid

Question 32

structural ability: complex with larger molecular weights

Answer 32

proteins

Question 33

encoded from the gene found in short arm of chromosome 6

Answer 33

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Question 34

Major Histocompatibility Complex is formerly

Answer 34

“Human Leukocyte Antigen”

Question 35

Major Histocompatibility Complex can be found in all ___

Answer 35

nucleated cells

Question 36

Can cause an immune response if transplanted

Answer 36

major histocompatibility complex

Question 37

Major Histocompatibility Complex Binds to _____ within cell and transports it to _____

Answer 37

binds to peptides within cell and transports it to plasma membrane

Question 38

Brings antigen to cell surface for recognition by T-cells

Answer 38

major histocompatibility complex/ human leukocyte antigen

Question 39

Class I MHC is high levels on ___ including ___

Answer 39

nucleated cells including lymphocytes

Question 40

Class I are low levels in the ___, ____, ____, and ___ cells

Answer 40

liver, neural, muscle, sperm cells

Question 41

class I is recognized by ___

Answer 41

cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+

Question 42

main types of MHC proteins

Answer 42

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-E

Question 43

more restricted MHC

Answer 43

Class II

Question 44

MHC class II is found on ___, ____, ____

Answer 44

B-cells, Macrophage, Dendritic Cells (APC)

Question 45

MHC that process extracellularly derived antigen

Answer 45

class II MHC

Question 46

MHC Class II is recognized by ____ cells

Answer 46

T-helper cells (CD4+)

Question 47

Main types of MHC Class II protein

Answer 47

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

Question 48

molecules that bind to antigen and is very specific

Answer 48

antibodies/immunoglobulins

Question 49

antibodies/immunoglobulins are __ shaped with ___ protein chains

Answer 49

y shaped with 4 protein chains

Question 50

antibodies/immunoglobulins 4 protein chains contains:

Answer 50

2 Identical light chains and 2 heavy chains connected by disulfide bonds

Question 51

Antibodies/Immunoglobulins ae found in ___ and ___

Answer 51

plasma and other body fluids

Question 52

antibody that occurs without stimulus

Answer 52

natural antibody

Question 53

antibody that occurs with stimulus

Answer 53

immune antibody

Question 53

against antigen of some species

Answer 53

alloantibodies

Question 54

against self-antigens

Answer 54

autoantibodies

Question 55

parts of antibodies

Answer 55

- variable regions - constant regions - FC region - Hinge region

Question 56

heavy chains: protein with around ___ amino acids and a MW of ____ daltons

Answer 56

440 amino acids, 40-50k daltons

Question 57

constant region of ___ chains is unique and gives the antibody its name

Answer 57

heavy chain

Question 58

genes that code for H chains are in

Answer 58

chromosome 14

Question 59

with the kappa and lambda chains

Answer 59

light chains

Question 60

kappa in l chains is with ___ amino acids

Answer 60

214 amino acids

Question 61

lambda in l chains is with __ amino acids

Answer 61

213