Blood Banking Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
all units are processed before compatibility test and transfusion
A
donor unit processing
2
Q
donor unit processing includes
A
- abo and rh typing
- antibody screening
- serologic testing, syphilis, hepatitis B, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, malaria
- component preparation
- unit storage: ASAP after processing at 1-6C
3
Q
ABO vs RH
A
ABO:
- confirm abo blood type of donor blood,
- include forward and reverse typing,
- donor should be collected for reverse typing
RH:
- should be tested with anti d reagent
- in every negative testing, always test for weak d
4
Q
a single blood unit can provide transfusion, therapy to multiple patients in the form of?
A
RBC, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate
5
Q
binds calcium in exchange for sodium salt
A
sodium citrate
6
Q
supports metabolism of RBCs
A
phosophate
7
Q
maintain RBC membrane o substrate for ATP production
A
dextrose
8
Q
provides energy for the RBCs, increases ADP levels
A
adenine
9
Q
provided by the manufacturer in the whole blood collection set and mixed with the donor blood during the collection process
A
anticoagulants
10
Q
21 days anticoagulants
A
- acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
- citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD)
- citrate phosphate double dextrose (CP2D)
11
Q
35 days anticoagulants
A
citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA-1)
12
Q
developed to further extend the shelf life of RBCs
A
additive solutions
13
Q
additive solutions contains
A
saline, adenine, and dextrose
14
Q
use of additive solutions
A
- to suspend the solutes
- for increasing the survival of RBCs
- to provide energy for RBCs
- RBC membrane stabilizing agent
15
Q
fresh whole blood prep
A
450-500 cc
16
Q
platelet rich plasma preparation
A
200-250 cc
17
Q
platelet poor plasma preparation
A
200 cc
18
Q
FFP preparation
A
200 cc
19
Q
cryosupernate preparation
A
180-200 cc
20
Q
PRBC preparation
A
200-250 cc
21
Q
platelet concentrate preparation
A
50-70cc
22
Q
cryoprecipitate preparation
A
15-20 cc
23
Q
what does whole blood contain?
A
all cellular and liquid elements + anticoagulant and/or preservatives
24
Q
what is whole blood used for?
A
replace RBCs (oxygen carrying capacity) and plasma (provide volume expansion) in bleeding patients
25
volume and PCV of whole blood
450 ml and PCV 38%
26
storage temperature for whole blood
1-6 C
27
effects of 1 unit transfusion?
can increase 3-5% PCV, and 1-1.5 g/dL hemoglobin
28
whole blood is not used for
platelet, wbc, and clotting factor replacements since it does not survive on stored whole blood
29
how are packed rbcs prepared?
by centrifugation/sedimentation of whole blood
30
contents of a packed rbc
volume of RBCs = 200 mL
plasma = 100 mL
hematocrit = 70%
31
volume of packed rbc that should be removed of the total plasma
80%
32
packed rbc are intended for what patients?
patients that need to increase its RBC mass and oxygen carrying capacity without increasing the circulatory volume
33
decreased rbc mass may be caused by
- decreased production
- decreased rbc survival, trauma or surgical bleeding
- critical levels that indicate transfusion is <6 g/dL
- contraindicated in patients with well compensated anemia
34
effects of 1 unit of packed RBC
increase hemoglobin level to 1-1.5 g/dL and the hematocrit level to to 3-5% in a typical 154 lbs human
35
adjustment is quick compared to whole blood
packed rbc
36
what is the use of RBC aliquots
neonatal patients or infants under 4 months
37
neonatal transfusion may require what volume per transfusion?
10-25 mL
38
one RBC aliquot effects
increase hemoglobin of infants at about 2-3g/dL and hematocrit at 6-9%
39
why use rbc units with irradiated t cells?
to prevent graft versus host disease
40
what is irradicated rbcs used for
intended for
- immunocompromised patients
- bone marrow transplant px
- fetus undergoing intrauterine transfusions
41
recommended minimum dose of gamma irradiation
25 Gy, using cesium-137 or cobalt-60
42
is used to confirm irradiation (darkening of the film)
a radiochromic film label
43
expiration date of irradicated rbcs
28 days from the time of irradiation
44
what is a leukoreduced RBC
rbc unit with a wbc count reduced to <5 x 10a and with at least 85% of thhe original RBC mass
45
original leukoreduced rbc unit may contain about ___
2x10
46
a leukoreduced RBC is reduced to
Reduced to 1 x 10
47
donor WBCs can cause what complications?
- febrile non- hemolytic transfusion reactions
- transfusion- associated graft-versus-host disease,
- transfusion-related immune suppression
- HLA alloimmunization
- cytomegalovirus
48
shelf life of leukoreduced rbc
24 hours
49
facilitates removal of 99.9 leukocyte
Prestorage Leukoreduction
50
how does prestorage leukoreduction facilitate removal of leukocytes
via multiple layers of polyester or cellulose acetate nonwoven fibers
51
RBC retention of pre storage reduction
85% of the original RBC mass.
52
methods for Prestorage Leukoreduction
1. in line method
2. plasma removal
3. sterile docking devicee
53
in line method
in-line filter can be attached to the whole blood unit and filtered via gravity
54
plasma removal
plasma is initially removed, and the remaining cells pass thru an in line filter
55
sterile docking device
used to attach a leukocyte reduction filter to a unit of RBCs, which is allowed to flow via gravity
56
WBCs are removed in the blood bank prior to issuing blood or at the bedside before transfusion
post storage leukoreduction
57
third gen filters in post storage leukoreduction reduces leukocytes to?
5 x 10^6 or lower
58
frozen rbcs can be stored for up to how many years?
10 years
59
frozen rbcs are intended for what patients?
patients with rare phenotypes for backup blood supply and for autologous use
60
cryoprotective agents
penetrating, nonpenetrating
61
penetrating
- small molecules crosses membrane
- prevents water from migrating thru osmotic force (as extracellular ice is formed)
- prevents intracellular dehydration
62
example of penetrating agent
glycerol
63
non penetrating
- large molecules
- form a shell around cell
- prevents loss of water and subsequent dehydration
64
example of a non penetrating agent
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)
65
Common cryoprotective agent, increases the cryoprotective power of alycerol
High Glycerol (40% w/v)
66
in high glycerol the freezer provides an initial temperature of
-80C
67
in high glycerol RBCs are frozen ___ days of collection (if CPD or CPDA- 1 is used)
within 6 days
68
freezing temp for high glycerol
- 65 C
69
RBCs must be placed in the freezer __
hours of opening the system. ( high glycerol)
Within 4 hours
70
Thawing process of high glycerol
Takes about 30 minutes o Units are placed in a 37 C water bath and washed with solutions of
decreasing osmolarity
71
expiration date for High Glycerol
24 hours
72
storing conditions for high glycerol
1-6 C
73
w/v percentage of low glycerol
20%
74
-Minimal glycerol cryoprotection
-Rapid and more controlled freezing procedure
Low Glycerol
75
required for low glycerol freezing process
Liquid nitrogen
76
temp and storage conditions for low glycerol
• Initial freezing temperature is -196 C
• Frozen units are stored at -120C
77
Removes almost all WBC and Plasma
Deglycerolization
78
Deglycerolization is done at __ and unit should be used within ___
1-6C, unit used within 24 hours
79
Removes plasma proteins that cause most allergic reactions
Washed RBC
80
washed RBC is intended for what patients
- patients with rare IgA deficiency and anti-lgA
- for anemic patients with history of febrile reaction
81
Shelf life of RBC after washing
24 hours
82
lost rbcs in the washing process
10-20%
83
Acquired from Whole Blood processing (random-
donor)
Platelet Concentrate
84
latelets must be separated from the whole
blood __ hours of collection
Within 8 hours
85
Platelet Concentrate is intended for?
- bleeding px (thrombocytopenic)
- cancer px
- thrombocytopenic preoperative patients
86
Random-donor platelet concentrates
contains about ___ platelets
5.5 x 10'°
87
storage requirements for platelet concentrate
Stored in a 20-24C environment with ggitation, and should contain adequate plasma of 50-70mL, and a pH of 6
88
one unit of platelet concentrate should increase platelet count to?
5000-10000/ul in a 70 Kg person
89
facilitates oxygen transfer into the
platelet bag and oxygen consumption of
platelets
Agitation
90
Transport at Room temperature: platelets
survive without agitation for a maximum of?
24 hours
91
shelf life of platelet concentrate
5 days, if opened 6 hours
92
platelet content of Single-donor platelets
3 × 10^11
93
storing conditions and shelf life of Single-donor platelets
- Stored at 22-24C environment with agitation, and contains about 300mL plasma
- Shelf-life: 5 days
94
Shelf life for single-donor platelets
5 days
