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Question 1

two aspects of phrmacology

Answer 1

• pharmacodynamics
• pharmacokinetics

Question 2

drug does something to body

Answer 2

pharmacodynamics

Question 3

body does something to drug

Answer 3

pharmacokinetics

Question 4

if drug has addiction potential, classified as this

Answer 4

controlled

Question 5

unapproved, untested, unknown class of drugs

Answer 5

natural

Question 6

largest class of receptors that pharmaceutical companies make drugs to target

Answer 6

GPCRs

Question 7

• pi chart
• shows receptors tht are encoded for in genome

Answer 7

receptorome

Question 8

most common route of administration

Answer 8

oral

Question 9

• drugs injected
• “besides the gut”

Answer 9

parenteral

Question 10

buccal/rectal/sublingual routes of administration

Answer 10

local

Question 11

who made 5 rules regarding “a drug is more likely to be absorbed if…”

Answer 11

lipinski
lipinski’s rule of 5

Question 12

pathway from gut to blood is called

Answer 12

hepatic pathway

Question 13

• critical issue, esp regarding nutraceuticals/herbals
• measure of amnt of drug reaching systemic circulation to amnt given

Answer 13

bioavailAbility

Question 14

• substantial amnt of drugs get destroyed
• after drug has gotten from gut past liver

Answer 14

first pass effect

Question 15

part of liver that transforms absorbed drugs

Answer 15

hepatocytes

Question 16

• this form of circulation prolongs drug action
• absorb, convert, nd excrete drugs right away

Answer 16

entero-hepatic circulation

Question 17

• body protects brain from getting bad things during circulation

Answer 17

blood brain barrier
BBB

Question 18

process by which body alters drug molecules

Answer 18

biotransformation

Question 19

inactive drug capable of becoming active

Answer 19

prodrug

Question 20

• major group of enzymes that alter drug molecules
• mostly in liver, but also kidneys/intestines

Answer 20

CYP

Question 21

range that we want drug concentration in

Answer 21

therapeutic

Question 22

how to describe drugs we put on skin

Answer 22

topical

Question 23

conversion methods of a drug molecule to inactive

Answer 23

• hydrolysis
• oxidation
• reduction

Question 24

wht can we add to inactivated drugs (metabolites) to make them water-soluble?

Answer 24

• acetate
• glucuronide
• sulfate

Question 25

- swallowing peptides means they get broken down by gastric acid - what pathway do we used instead?

Answer 25

nose to brain N2B olfactory pathway

Question 26

drug tablets must be able to ____ to release active ingredients

Answer 26

dissolve

Question 27

____ cells form another barrier in the BBB

Answer 27

glial

Question 28

are bound or free drugs the effective compononent

Answer 28

free/unbound bound drugs aren't effective

Question 29

when an enzyme shows high variability

Answer 29

polymorphism

Question 30

this enzyme is pronounced a synonym of drink

Answer 30

CYP "sip"

Question 31

range where drug concentration isn't doing anything

Answer 31

subtherapeutic

Question 32

- attained after approx 4 half-times of drug - time to reach this state is independent of dosage

Answer 32

steady state

Question 33

administer extra dose at beginning to build up concentration

Answer 33

loading dose

Question 34

- dose response curve - change doses after evaluating response obtained in any given individual

Answer 34

graded dose response

Question 35

- dose response curve - fix response and sample a population w/ varying doses

Answer 35

quantal dose response

Question 36

- gap between ED50(thera. in 50% of pop) and TD50(toxin in 50% of pop)

Answer 36

therapeutic index

Question 37

receptor-mediated ways that drugs produce their effects

Answer 37

- stimulation - antagonism

Question 38

three kinds of adverse effects of drugs

Answer 38

- predictable - non-predictable (allergies/idiosyncratic) - delayed (carcinogenic/teratogenic)

Question 39

have reaction to drug, unclear mechanism

Answer 39

idiosyncratic

Question 40

adverse effect of drug impacts fetus

Answer 40

teratogenic

Question 41

- biggest shadow - biggest problem - in therapeutic practice/drug theory

Answer 41

patient

Question 42

similar to avionics (way to make flying safer)

Answer 42

pharmionics

Question 43

- term coined by urquhart - systematic approach to ensure right drugs are administered in appropriate circumstance/times/dose

Answer 43

pharmionics

Question 44

who termed pharmionics

Answer 44

urquhart

Question 45

presence of 2 or more variants in a population at significant frequency (alleles/phenotypes)

Answer 45

polymorphisms

Question 46

problems at receptor level w/ drugs

Answer 46

pharmacodynamics

Question 47

compliance of patients to drug schedule

Answer 47

effectiveness

Question 48

when patients dont take a drug

Answer 48

therapeutic holiday

Question 49

consequences of missing dose depends on drug's ____

Answer 49

forgiveness

Question 50

- drugs with _____ have longer half lives - shallower dose-response relations - dosage interval less than half of duration of action of drug

Answer 50

forgiveness

Question 51

forgiveness is a major issue with this condition

Answer 51

tubercolosis TB

Question 52

model of questions we should ask abt drugs/problems

Answer 52

iterative loop

Question 53

not the sole solution to personalised medicine/ensuring drugs work

Answer 53

genes