BCM12

Question 1

alpha d- glucopyranose (1->2) beta- d frutofuranose

Answer 1

sucrose

Question 2

alpha - d glucopyranosyl (1->4) alpha- d- glucopyranose

Answer 2

maltose

Question 3

beta- d galactopyranose (1->4) alpha/beta- d- glucopyranose

Answer 3

lactose

Question 4

what is raffinose?

Answer 4

storage oligosaccaharide found in legumes

Question 5

alpha (1->6) galactosyl sucrose

Answer 5

raffinose

Question 6

raffinose

Answer 6

alpha (1->6) galactosyl sucrose

Question 7

what is needed to digest alpha 1->6 glycosidic bonds?

Answer 7

alpha gal

Question 8

what do legumes cause flatulance?

Answer 8

humans lack alpha Gal to digest rafinose bond so fermented by microorganisms creating methane and c02 - f

Question 9

what are abo blood group antigens?

Answer 9

o linked oligosaccharides on rbc

Question 10

how do A and B blood antigens differ

Answer 10

A has a alpha d acetylgalactosamine where b has a alpha d galactose

Question 11

what are the main sugars in the blood group antigens?

Answer 11

alpha - l fructose
alpha/beta d - galactose
beta d acetyl glucosamine
alpha d acetyl galactosamine

Question 12

what linkage do the blood antigens have?

Answer 12

alpha 1->3

Question 13

how does H/O blood group antigen differ from A and B?

Answer 13

has one less sugar molecule of the variety that is fdifference between A and B (only 4 sugars)

Question 14

what are glycosyl transferases?

Answer 14

enzymes that catalyse links between sugar monomoers

Question 15

what are lecitns?

Answer 15

proteins that bind carbohydrates

Question 16

what is ricin?

Answer 16

a very toxic lectin

Question 17

what are lectins domains?

Answer 17

bind cell surface glycoproteins

Question 18

give examples of 3 sugar homopolymers?

Answer 18

starch
cellulose
glucans

Question 19

give an example of a sugar heteropolymer, describe

Answer 19

hyaluronan

d glucuronic acid adn n acetyl glucosamine

Question 20

where is hyaluronon found?

Answer 20

synovial fluid, joints
stops bone erosion
jelly in eyes

Question 21

beta (1->4) glucan (1->4 linkage) - ubranched

Answer 21

Cellulose

Question 22

describe celluose

Answer 22

beta (1->4) glucan, unbranched
highly ordered
rod shaped
cystalline
resistent to heat damage
found in gossyplum - cotton balls

Question 23

what gives cellulose such good tensile strength?

Answer 23

extensive h bonding

Question 24

what is chitin?

Answer 24

beta (1->4) hompolymer of n acetyal glucosamine

Question 25

where is chitin found?

Answer 25

insect exoskeleton fungal cell wall very abundant polymer second only to cellulose

Question 26

what is starch?

Answer 26

storage carbohydrate mix of glucans amylose and amylopectin

Question 27

what is amylose?

Answer 27

(1->4) glucan, bent hollow left handed helix.

Question 28

what is the basis of the starch iodine test?

Answer 28

helical arrangement of amylose I3- and I5- fit inside amylose coils light cant pass through due to electronorbitals

Question 29

what are amylopectin and glycogen?

Answer 29

branched starches with alpha 1->4 glucam with alpha (1->6) branches

Question 30

what is the animal equivalent of amylopectin?

Answer 30

glycogen

Question 31

what do many modified polysaccharides act as?

Answer 31

hydrocolloid gels and gums

Question 32

what is alignate

Answer 32

anionic polysaccahride heteropolymer beta 1-4 linked d mannuronate and alpha 1-4 linked l guluronate found in brown algae

Question 33

what is agar

Answer 33

found in red algae mix of polysaccharide agarose 1-3 beta d galactopyranose 1-4 -3-6 anyhydro alpha l galactopyranose and agropectin microbiology plates

Question 34

(1->3) beta d galactopyranose (1->4) -3-6 anyhdro alpha l galactopyranose and agropectin

Answer 34

agar

Question 35

beta (1->4) linked d mannuronate and alpha (1->4) l glucoronate

Answer 35

alignate

Question 36

what are pectins?

Answer 36

modified polysaccharides that glue plant cells together

Question 37

what are the two components of pectic acid

Answer 37

homogalacturonan | and rhamnogalacturonan

Question 38

what is homogalacturonan

Answer 38

alpha 1 -4 linked galacturonic acid residues can be methyl esterified or acetylated hydrophobic interactions

Question 39

what is pectic acids role?

Answer 39

plats similar role to hyaluronan = very hydrophillic borate and calcium cross links thickener in jams

Question 40

what are hydrocolloid gels used in

Answer 40

``` loads of things foods, pharmaceuticals paper thickener ice cream ```

Question 41

what are beta 1-4 glycans used for

Answer 41

structural

Question 42

what are alpha 1-4 glycans used for

Answer 42

storage