BCM30

Question 1

synthatase

Answer 1

uses atp

Question 2

synthase

Answer 2

no atp

Question 3

phosphatase

Answer 3

removes phosphate

Question 4

phosphorylates

Answer 4

add phosphate

Question 5

kinase

Answer 5

cataylses transfer of phosphate groups

Question 6

how is ammonia assimilated

Answer 6

via glutamine synthetase

glutamate + NH3 + ATP ->glutamine

Question 7

glutamate synthase

Answer 7

alpha keto gluterate -> glutamate

Question 8

what do transaminases do?

Answer 8

transfer NH2 from aa to alpha keto acids
with pyridoxal phosphaate
swap nh3 for cooh
glutamate + oxaloacetate +glutamate -> alphaketogluterate + aspartate

Question 9

what is the keq for most transaminases?

Answer 9

1

used both catabolically and anabolically

Question 10

what do all areas with food production in the world?

Answer 10

1 legume

1 grass

Question 11

what does glutamate dehydrogenase do?

Answer 11

deaminates glutamate freeing ammonia
glutamate alpha keto gluterate
reductive removal of ammonia from

Question 12

why cant glutamate dehydrogenase be used to assimilate ammonia in plants?

Answer 12

because the km (NH3) for gs = 10um

and gdh = 20mm

Question 13

pga transamination

Answer 13

serine

Question 14

pep transamination

Answer 14

-

Question 15

pyruvate transamination

Answer 15

alanine

Question 16

akg transamination

Answer 16

glutamate

Question 17

oxaloacetate transamination

Answer 17

aspartate

Question 18

ribose p transamination

Answer 18

-

Question 19

pga modification of c skel

Answer 19

glycine

cysteine

Question 20

pep modification of c skel

Answer 20

tyrosine
phenylamine
tryptophan

Question 21

pyruvate modification of carbon skeleton

Answer 21

valine

leucine

Question 22

akg modification of carbon skeleton

Answer 22

glutamine
proline
arginine

Question 23

oxaloacetate modification of carbon skel

Answer 23

aparagine
lysine
threonine
methione
isoleucine

Question 24

ribose p modication of carbon skel

Answer 24

histidine

Question 25

what does urea look lik

Answer 25

CO(NH2)2

Question 26

what is the only new enzyme required in the urea cycle

Answer 26

arg->urea evolved from krebs not just catabolic also anabolic forms arginine

Question 27

what happens if excess purine in diet

Answer 27

-> uric acid -> allanine via uricase | primates lack uricase so goes to uric acid which can form crystals and gout

Question 28

what is allanoin

Answer 28

soluble used in cosmetics

Question 29

desrcibe ureotellic excretion

Answer 29

``` urea animals limited water less toxic, highly soluble mammals and sharks*used for osmoreg aatp/n ```

Question 30

describe ammoniatellic excretion

Answer 30

``` ammonia large excess water highly toxic through gills bony fish and most invertebrate - woodlouse ```

Question 31

describe uricotellic excretion

Answer 31

``` uric acid very limited water access insoluble solid birds reptiles insets monotremes dalmations 2atp/n ```

Question 32

how do amphibians excrete urea

Answer 32

by simple diffusion

Question 33

what could have led to rise of the dinosaurs

Answer 33

uricotellic excretion | useful in permian with limited water acess