Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM Nutrition > Beef Cattle > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 types of beef production?

A

Cow-calf
Cattle feeder/feedlot
Purebred breeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a cow-craft production

A

Cows bred each year to produce calves and sold to cattle feeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a cattle feeder/ feedlot operation

A

Grow calves till market

Buy yearlings to finish them in a feedlot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of beef production provides replacement bulls ad heifers for cow-calf operations

A

Purebred breeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If you are finishing cattle immediately, they are fed mostly _______. A deferred finishing system will have ___________ feed

A

Grain; roughage and grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F In a immediate finishing production, heifers and fed longer than steers

A

False

Steer- 275days
Heifer- 230days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the MOA of a deferred finishing system?

A

Caves bought in autum
Wintered on forage
Calves pastured during summer
Fully on grain for 120-150days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If you are using bulls for your cow-calf production, how many bulls should there be for 100 cows

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: the objective of a cow-calf herd is to produce 1 calf per cow and year

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is calving, breeding and weaning occurring in a fall calving calendar

A

Breeding - dec/jan

Calving- sept/oct

Weaning- june /July

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is calving, breeding and weaning occurring in a spring calving calendar

A

Breeding - may

Calving - feb

Weaning - sept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A what is the calving interval in a beef herd production

A

365days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should the calf weaning weight be?

A

40-50% of cows weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the average age at weaning ?

A

150-180 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the gestation period of a cow?

A

9 months (280days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the BCS of a cow that is physically weak, has muscle atrophy, spine, ribs, and hips are all are visible, and no fat in brisket or flanks

A

BCS 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the BCS of a cow with and online of 1-2ribs and and outline of the hip and pin bones with some fat in the brisket and flanks?

A

BCS 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the BCS of a cow that has no outline of the ribs/hip/pin bones, and has a full fat brisket and flanks

A

BCS 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the ideas BCS of a beefy cow.

A

5-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thin/ low BCS in beef cows are associated with what problems?

A 
Failure to cycle 
Failure to conceive 
Increasing calving interval 
Increased days on estrus 
Decreased calf vigor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What problems are associated with high BCS in beef cattle?

A

Costly to maintain
Dystocia
Impaired mobility
Failure to cycle and failure to conceive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the ideal BCS of a dairy cow??

A

3

Dairy cattle are measured on a 5pt scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most to least, what beef cows need the most nutrients?

A

Dry, pregnant, heifers
Lactating cows
Calves
Bulls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Feed costs are _______% of beef production costs/

A

50-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How would you increase the efficiency of a pasture? A. Rotational grazing B. Use more productive varieties C. Use the adequate proportion of legumes and grasses D. Fertilize pasture
All of the above
26
In a spring calving system, heifers should spend the winter without losing more than ___% of their BW
10
27
How should you feed your dry, pregnant cows and heifers in the fall?
Fall pasture Crop residues Pasture in winter only if possible
28
During the last 2 months of pregnancy, the needs of the heifer increases. How should these cattle be fed?
Increase protein in diet -high quality hay Usually a legume hay, corn silage, and other high proteins hays Free choice minerals
29
How do the nutrient requirements differ from a lactating cow to a day cow?
Lactating: -higher protein (160-270% higher than dry) - higher energy (36-70%) - Ca and Phos (100-250%)
30
Can lactating cows get sufficient nutrients on pasture alone
No Should be supplemented High quality pasture Salt and mineral - free choice Protein (if legumes are low)
31
What is creep feeding? What is the benefit?
Providing calves with extra feed besides milk, like grains and commercial feed mix Prepares rumen for weaning Improves weight gain Improve calf uniformity Aid in parasite control
32
What are disadvantages of creep feeding?
Economical ? Impair future milk production of replacement heifers Interferes with selection of cows for milk production May lower feedlot grain efficiency
33
In calves fed by creep feeding, they will begin to eat grain at ____weeks
3
34
T/F: calve creep feeding is advantageous for the adaption of steers to feedlot finishing
True
35
Are steers or heifers more efficient and weight gain? Which is finished at lighter weights?
Steers; heifers
36
Does a calf, yearling, or older feeder cow, have more nutritional needs?
Older feeders > yearling > calves
37
Given that most cattle arriving on a feedlot have had little grain, how should you adjust their diet to grain?
Start on 60% concentrate and 40% roughage OR Start on 80% concerted and 20% roughage Reduce slowly to 90% grain and 10% roughage
38
What breed of beef cattle is double muscled?
Belgian blue
39
What would be your choice for feedlot finishing of a group of steers exclusively fed on natural pasture for the last 6 months?
Start on diet of 60% cereal den 40% roughage and gradually increase the cereal %
40
What type of beef animals would be more prone to rumentitis and acidosis?
Feedlot steers that are not subjected to creep feeding
41
Which pasture species is associated t the endophyte fungus that produces ergovaline?
Fescue
42
What conditions are associated with acidosis in beef cattle ?
Founder (laminitis) | Rumentitis
43
What is a major cause of bloat in beef cattle?
Green legumes in large amounts, very fast Rumen swells and animal cannot get rid of gas
44
Stomach wall protrudes between the ribs and hip bone, swollen like a balloon if pressed What dis?
Bloat
45
How can bovine pulmonary emphysema be prevented?
Reduce dust from fee/environment Reduced concentrate/grain in diet Put cattle on pasture
46
What is brisket disease?
Pulmonary emphysema and right sided heart failure Associated with high altitudes in non-adapted cattle --> enlargement of the neck and swelling of the brisket
47
Enterotoxemia is associated with cattle on __________ diet and _______ toxins
Concentrate Clostridium perfringen toxin
48
What are the symptoms associated with enterotoxemia ?
Lameness Bloody diarrhea Bloating Death in 24hrs
49
What are symptoms of fescue toxicity?
``` Cattle do not shed winter coat Cows thin and feverish Reduced calving % Reduced calf weight Conception rate radically decreased Fescue foot ```
50
How can fescue toxicity be managed?
Dilute fescue amounts y planting clover or Bermuda grass Remove toxic fescues and replace with non-toxic fungus
51
``` Abnormal teeth and bones Stiff joints Diarrheal Organ damage Appetite loss and emaciaction ``` All are symptoms of??
Fluorosis
52
_________ is caused by inadequate blood magnesium levels and is most common in lactating animals grazing on rapidly growing lush (wheat or rye) pastures
Grass tetany Symptoms - stiff movement - loss of appetite - frequent urination - convulsions
53
Treatment of grass tetany?
Magnesium sulphate under the skin
54
Pasture with high potassium can lead to ?
Grass tetany Provide mineral block Use legumes in diet
55
A build up of ______ in the rumen can lead to methemoglobinemia
Nitrates Nitrate -> nitrite -> hemoglobin -> methemoglobin
56
Nitrate poisoning an be associated with what kind of pastures?
Drought | Common in green cut forages
57
Herd Dyspnea Cyanotic membrane Muscle tumors and weakness Dark to chocolate coloured blood
Nitrate poisoning
58
How can nitrate poisoning be prevented
Use silage | High energy feeds (grain)
59
What clover species is associated with photosensitization ?
Alsike clover
60
Lameness and shifting Difficulty standing Dx, treatment?
Founder AKA laminitis Reduced concentrate and grain Increase fiber
61
Cause of rumentitis that is associated with animals fed on grain and low roughage. Can lead to liver abscess
Fusobacterium necrophorum (Fermentation --> lactic acid and acidosis --> abnormal rumenal microflora
62
Deficiency in selenium causes what disease?
White muscle -> trouble walking, breathing, and heart failure
63
Which is poisonous to cattle? Wild black cherry Pokeweed Yew Red oak
All of them you dump ass...
64
Which metabolic disease is associated to high-altitude?
Brisket disease
65
Where is Se deficiency more likely to be a problem in a beef cattle herd? North and South Dakota Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado Iowa and Eastern Nebraska Pacific NW
Pacific NW (Washington state)

RUSVM Nutrition (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions