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RUSVM Nutrition > Small Ruminant -sheep > Flashcards

Small Ruminant -sheep Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What breed of sheep form South Africa holds fat in its tail

A

Van Rooy fat tail sheep

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2
Q

What is the difference between hair and wool

A

Wool is thinner

Wool animals first appeared in Spain in the Middle Ages

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3
Q

What are the uses of sheep

A

Meat
Diary
Wool

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4
Q

Australian Merinos are raised for?

A

Wool

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5
Q

South African mutton Marino are raised for?

A

Meat and wool

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6
Q

Manchega and Friesian sheep are raised for?

A

Dairy

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7
Q

Dorper and Suffolk sheep are raised for ?

A

Meat

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8
Q

What is the single largest cost to sheep farming

A

Nutrition

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9
Q

T/F: sheep raised on range conditions have all their nutritional needs met?

A

False

Poor nutrition -> high mortality

Rangeland has low nutritional value

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10
Q

Haired sheep breed that has a white body and black head

A

Dorper

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11
Q

When does the daily consumption of water increase for a sheep?

A

Summer

Lactation and gestation

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12
Q

_______________ in sheep can lead to reduced growth, poor fertility, and decreased wool production

A

Energy deficiency

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13
Q

For sheep, is the quality or quantity of protein more important

A

Quantity

  • > green pastures provide adequate amount for sheep
  • > dried, mature pastures do not
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14
Q

Most minerals and vitamins can be met with normal grazing for sheep. However, __________ may be important to suppplemtn in winter and ____________ may be needed for sheep in confinement

A

VitA; VitD

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15
Q

In normal conditions, 90% of ewes have a body condition score of _________

A

2-4

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16
Q

What weight changes are seen in a ewe through the year?

A

Slight rise during early-mid gestation

Steep increase during late gestation

Steep fall after lambing

Falls during lactation further

Starts to return to normal at weaning

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17
Q

What is flushing the ewe??

A

Increase BW prior to breeding
Increase ovulation rate
Increase lambing rate

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18
Q

What is the ewe fed to “flush” her?

A

Good quality pasture

OR

Supplemental feeding with grain or pellets

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19
Q

Lamb death can usually be attributed to ________________ during gestation and lactation

A

Poor maternal nutrition

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20
Q

In the first 15weeks of gestation, the ewe should be fed how?

A

Under normal conditions
Close to maintenance
Based on pasture
Minimal supplementation

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21
Q

In the last 6weeks of gestation, the ewe should be fed how?

A

Need supplementation
High energy needs

Critical period of growth -> 70% of fetal growth

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22
Q

At the time of parturition the ewe should be fed??

A

Good quality forage

Supplementation -> onset of lactation

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23
Q

How much higher are the energy needs of a lactating ewe compared to that of the maintenance weight

A

2-3x

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24
Q

Milk production usually peaks around ______ weeks post-parturition

A

3

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25
The ewe can produce between ______ and _______ lbs of milk per day
3-6
26
Lambing in the spring, the ewe will be feeding on ________ and should be supplemented with _________
Pasture, grain
27
Lambing in the fall, the ewe will be feeding on ________ and should be supplemented with _________
Forage; grain
28
What are the advantages of flushing in sheep production?
Increase BW prior to breeding Increase ovulation rate Increase lambing rate
29
Young lambs should be fed what?
Need colostrum, milk, or milk replacer Have a non-functional rumen
30
Why is colostrum important to the lamb?
Trasfter passive immunity Immunoglobulin from the Dam to the lamb-> disease tolerance
31
Naturally, labs are weaned around ______ days
60
32
Artificially reared lambs can be weaned as early as _______ days
30
33
Recently weaned labs need what sort of feed?
High energy | 18-19% CP
34
How are most lambs finished in the US??
Enter feedlot at 60-90lbs or 5-6months Good quality pasture followed by short feedlot phase Hay supplemented with grain
35
Replacement ewes are normally bred for the first time so they can lamb at how many years
1 or 2 yrs
36
What are the advantages to breeding replacement ewes at 7-8months?
Reduce maintenance cost Shortens generation interval Increase productive lifetime Early selection
37
How long is gestation in a sheep?
5months
38
If a ewe is fed on a higher plane of nutrition, it will accelerate the maturity of the ewe, how can this be acheived?
Introduce starter rations with cereals Target is 0.5lb/day (this is not possible on forage alone)
39
What would be an advantage to breeding repleacement ewes at 2 yrs old?
Can be done under range conditions Limited supplementation except during winter High quality nutrition is not as critical in this system as in breeding at younger ages
40
How does the wight of a repleacment lamb compare to a yearling ram
Yearling almost double
41
Is pasture sufficient enough feed for rams?
Yearlings cannot Supplement - hay - cereal (winter and on poor quality pasture) Mature rams can
42
A ram lamb is fed _________lb of feed per day and a yearling ram is fed ________ lb of feed per day
5-5.5 6.5-7
43
Nutriton related problems are associated to what in sheep
Feed and environmental stress
44
Enterotoxemia in sheep is AKA ______________ and is caused by _________
Overeating / pulpy kidney disease Clostridium perfringens type D
45
What is the pathogenesis of overeating disese?
Under certain conditions (like stress) -> rapid growth of bacteria -> toxin release -> eneroclolitis and increase permeability of blood vessels Swelling of lungs and kidney
46
What sheep are more prone to getting enterotoxemia ?
Larger or fast-gaining lambs
47
Sheep Loss of appetite Abdominal discomfort (kicking at belly and arching the back) Profuse diarrhea Sudden death
Enterotoxemia Diagnosis can be confirmed at necropsy and by glucosuria
48
How is enterotoxemia prevented/treated?
Prevent - vaccination Treat - C and D antitoxin - thiamin (vit B1) IM - replace fluids IV or SQ
49
Lambs Depressed Off feed Abdomen distended Bladder rupture
Urinate calculli -if urethra has ruptured, swelling along the penis will also be observed
50
How can a urniary calculli be prevented?
Maintain Ca:P, ideally 2:1 Cool, clean water Adequate water space for all animals Addition of salt or trace mineral -> increase water uptake Add 0.5% ammonium chloride to ration to acidity urine
51
A fetal prolapse in sheep can be associated with?
Genetics Feeding pelleted rations Rustiness of ration -> coughing Short or docked tails
52
Urinary calculli are associated wth?
Ramon's in a drylot/feedlot
53
What disease follows nutritional problems in lambs and leads to diarrhea and sudden death
Enterotoxemia
54
Sheep ``` Lethargic Reduced appetite Poor quality would Open fleece Small size and poor body condition ```
Cobalt deficiency
55
A cobalt deficiency is commonly observed in _________ during what time of the year?
Lambs in late summer / fall Often complicated by parasitic gastroenteritis
56
Treatment for cobalt deficiency
IM vit B12 Drenching with 1mg/kg of cobalt sulphate Retail bolus of cobalt (expensive)
57
______ deficiency is common when sheep graze pastures low in this nutrient but more often high in iron
Copper
58
Lamb Hind leg weakness Poor wool quality Anemia Poor bone mineralization
Copper deficiency
59
Treatment of copper deficiency ?
Injection of copper heptonate Supplement copper oxide
60
What breed is more sensitive to copper poisoning
North Ronaldsay Have adapted to low copper by digests of seaweed -> if moved to pasture -> toxicity
61
Feeding grain treated with propionic acid may increase the risk of what disease
Selenium and vitE deficiency Aka white muscle disease
62
How is white muscle disease prevented
Feed medication Periodic drenching Se injection Free access licks/minerals

RUSVM Nutrition (16 decks)

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