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Swine Nutrition Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What do you call an intact male pig

A

Boar

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2
Q

What do you call and intact female pig

A

Sow

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3
Q

What do you call the act of a pig giving birth

A

Farrowing

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4
Q

What do you call a young intact female that has not had a litter

A

Gilt

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5
Q

What do you call a castrated male pig?

A

Barrow

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6
Q

Baby pigs are called?

A

Piglets

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7
Q 
Who will require the most amount of water? 
Sow who has recently farrowed
Grower-finisher pig
Or 
Nursery pigs
A

Sow who has farrowed -8gal/hd/day

-> more water needed for lactation

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8
Q

Neonates are ______% water and finishing pigs are ___%

A

80; 55

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9
Q

Water with a high total dissolved solids can cause what in pigs?

A

Diarrhea

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10
Q

What is the second most limiting nutrient in swine nutrition?

A

Lipids (energy)

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11
Q

What is the most expensive ingredient in any animal diet?

A

Protein

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12
Q

______________ of the diet determines the level of intake

A

Energy density

High energy diet = reduced intake
High fiber diet = increased intake

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13
Q

Where do nursery pigs get most of their energy?

A

From fat and sugars in milk

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14
Q

Where do grower pigs get most of their energy

A

Cereal grains

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15
Q

What are the two basic ingredients of swine food

A 
Corn (energy) 
Soybean meal (protein)
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16
Q

What feedstuffs can be used as an energy source for swine

A 
Cereal grains
Damaged grains
Grain by-product 
Purified sugars (sucrose, lactose)
Fat
Processed food waste
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17
Q

Pig carcasses contains _____% muscle but only ________% is edible protein

A

50, 8

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18
Q

How many essential amino acids are required to maintain tissues

A

10

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19
Q

What is the first limiting amino acid in swine?

A

Lysine

Corn is low in lysine but soybean is high

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20
Q

What protein sources can be used in swine nutrition

A

Plant proteins - soybean
Animal proteins
Bacteria
Synthetic amino acids

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21
Q

Baby pigs are often deficient in what mineral?

A

Iron

Esp indooor pigs are not exposed to dirt and do not get iron from milk

Injections can be given IM in the neck

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22
Q

What mineral deficiency would you suspect if you started seeing parakeratosis and lesions of the food leading to lameness?

A

Zinc

Required for skin and hoof structure

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23
Q

What are the highest mineral needs of swine?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Ca and P 
NaCl 
Iodine 
Iron 
Manganese 
Zinc
24
Q

How do we meet the Ca and P requirements of swine

Study These Flashcards
A

Fed as limestone and oyster shells

25
Can the soybean and grain diet meet the iodine requirements of swine?
No requires supplementation
26
What type of vitamins have a short shelf-life and are negatively affected by heat, light, and moisture
Fat soluble vitamins Vit A Vit D3 Vit E Vit K
27
What are the water soluble vitamins required by sswine?
``` Niacin Pantothenic acid Vit B12 Riboflavin Choline Biotin Folic Acid ```
28
Vitamin A is required to supplement because corn has low amounts of Vit A and is broken down with processing. What would be a good source of Vit A?
Dehydrated alfalfa
29
Vitamin E is required in all lifestages of a pig. What are good sources of this vitamin?
Legumes Hay Green forage Cereal grains
30
What supplement is added to newborn diet to prevent hemorrhaging
Vitamin K
31
An pot belly pig owner comes to your clinic and is wondering what diet would be best for his pig, he wants to feed the pig solely on table scraps. What would your advice be?
Table scraps don't contain all the necessary nutrients for the pigs - also must be cooked to prevent transfer of disease Buy commercial formulated pig food-> has all the requirements
32
Why does it cost less to have outdoor pigs?
Cost of building Ventilation Heating
33
Why do pigs raised outdoors have a higher feed intake?
More exercise for outdoor pigs | Some food lost to waste in the ground
34
How should nursery pigs be fed? How is the sow fed
Milk diet for 3-4weeks after farrowing Sow fed ad libitum -> requires good body condition for lactation and a repeat estrus
35
How are pigs weaned?
From coming off a milk diet pigs must learn to eat other food products --> milk products can be added to feed Fed ad libitum Need high protein
36
The earlier a pig is weaned, the greater the need for ______________________ to minimize post weaning lag
Complex diet
37
What is phase feeding?
Adjusting the ration several times over the grower-finisher period and the nutritional needs of the hog changes
38
Piglets when born have __________ enzyme that allows them to digest milk, but lack the __________ enzyme and are not able to digest starch
Lactase; amylase
39
Grower and finisher rations for pigs are adjusted to?
Sex, age, and genetic potential
40
The more dietary phase changes, the (slower/faster) the pig will reach market weight
Faster
41
Environmental temperature is important for pig feed intake. At high temp, pigs have a (increased/decreased) feed intake and in cold temp they are (increased/decreased)
High temp => decreased feed intake Low temp=> increased feed intake (metabolism and digestion generate heat)
42
What will cause more heat generation, dietary fiber or fats and oils?
Dietary fiber -> more digestion needed to break down
43
T/F: Overfeeding guilts can lead to significantly more leg disorders
True -> 12% of females are culled for this reason
44
It is important to maintain adequate nutrition without over feeding swine. What are some consequences of too much and too little weight gain?
Too much - dystocia (fat in birth canal) - poor feed intake and milk production Too little - instability to sustain lactation - delayed return to estrus and rebreeding
45
When does milk production peak
Between 15-18days of lactation
46
Piglets with anemia, what may the problem be?
Iron deficiency Sow milk doesn't contain iron Indoor pigs are not picking up form first Cannot make enough hemoglobin
47
Pigs that have a "goose stepping gait" are typical of pigs with what deficiency
Vit B
48
Pig with parakeratoisis, abnormal keratinization and formation of horny scales can result from what nutritional imbalances?
``` Low zinc High calcium (ties up the availability of zinc) ```
49
The ratio of Ca to P in the diet should be ________
2:1 or 3:1 If Ca is too high -> lower P absorption --> reduced growth and structural soundness (pathological fractures and poor bone calcification)
50
What is the limiting aa in swine?
Lysine
51
Supplementation of what has been associated with faster and leaner growth of pigs?
Linoleic fatty acid --> improved gains, reduced back fat, and improved immune system
52
Supplementation of what has show to prolong shelf life of pork meat and improve colour to appeal to consumers
Vit E --> antioxidant
53
What enzyme can be supplemented to break down undigestible phytic acid found in grains and oils and helps to release phosphorus and calcium
Phytase
54
Why is dietary fiber beneficial to the pig?
Selectively stimulates the growth of health-promoting bacteria in GI tract --> improved GI health
55
What are methods of increaseing carcass lean content?
Restricted feeding Porcine somatotropin Beta agonist (ractopamine) Transgenic pigs
56
How does porcine somatotropin contribute to lean carcass
Growth hormone
57
What B agonist is added to feed and can cause dramatic muscle growth
Ractopamine

RUSVM Nutrition (16 decks)

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