Behavioral science 3.1

Question 1

Learning stimulus

Answer 1

Anything to which an organism can respond including sensory inputs

Question 2

Habituation

Answer 2

Decreased response due to repeated exposure to a stimulus

Question 3

Dishabituation

Answer 3

Recovery of the response that has been suppressed due to habituation

Question 4

Associative learning

Answer 4

The pairing or association between stimuli and behavior

Question 5

Classical conditioning

Answer 5

Uses instinctual responses to create an association between two unrelated stimuli (pavlovs dog)

Question 6

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

A stimulus that brings about a reflexive response

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

An innate or a reflexive response

Question 8

Neutral stimuli

Answer 8

Do not produce a reflexive response. Can be referred to as signaling stimuli and can be used in classical conditioning for a new association

Question 9

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 9

A neutral stimulus trained to elicit a certain reaction

Question 10

Conditioned response

Answer 10

Reflexive response that has been trained to be elicited by the condition stimulus

Question 11

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 11

When a previously lost conditioned response is presented weakly

Question 12

Generalization

Answer 12

A stimulus is similar enough it can elicit the same response

Question 13

Discrimination

Answer 13

Ability to distinguish between two different stimuli and present two different responses

Question 14

Operant conditioning

Answer 14

Conditioning to increase the frequency of voluntary behaviors

Question 15

Positive reinforcement

Answer 15

A good stimulus to continue a certain behavior

Question 16

Positive punishment

Answer 16

a bad stimulus is added to reduce a certain behavior

Question 17

Negative reinforcement

Answer 17

A bad stimulus is removed to promote good response

Question 18

Negative punishment

Answer 18

A good stimulus is removed to prevent further wrong behavior

Question 19

Escape learning

Answer 19

Learning a behavior to reduce the unpleasantness of something that already exists

Question 20

Avoidance learning

Answer 20

Behavior to prevent the unpleasantness of something that has not yet happened

Question 21

Primary and secondary reinforcers

Answer 21

Primary is the initial item that provides a positive stimulus secondary is associated with the primary to additionally reinforce(typically a conditioned reinforcer)

Question 22

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 22

Indicates that a reward is potentially available in this particular environment\stimuli

Question 23

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 23

Reward is given after a certain number of correct behaviors

Question 24

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 24

Reward is given after varying number of successful behaviors

Question 25

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 25

A reward is given then a set waiting period ensues until next possible reward.

Question 26

Variable interval schedule

Answer 26

Correct behavior is rewarded and then a variable waitingperiod ensues before another reward may be given for the correct behavior

Question 27

Shaping

Answer 27

Rewarding increasingly specific behaviors

Question 28

Latent learning

Answer 28

Learning that recurs without a reward but then spontaneously demonstrated once a reward is introduced

Question 29

Learning preparedness

Answer 29

When a natural instinct is paired with learning so that the task being taught matches a natural instinct

Question 30

Instinctive drift

Answer 30

When a natural instinct gets in the way of learning a new task

Question 31

Observational learning

Answer 31

Learning which behaviors are favored or not actableFrom watching others

Question 32

Mirror neurons

Answer 32

Neurons that fire when an action is observed or performed. This develops observational memory