Behavioral Sciences Ch 10. Social Thinking

Question 1

Interpersonal attraction

Answer 1

Makes people like each other and is influenced by multiple factors including physical attractiveness, similarity of attitudes, intelligence, education, height, age, religion, and socioeconomic status, self disclosure, reciprocity, and proximity

Question 2

Golden ratio

Answer 2

As someone symmetry and proportions are closer to the golden ratio, the person is seen as more physically attractive

Question 3

Self-disclosure

Answer 3

Includes sharing fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with empathy and nonjudgment

Question 4

Reciprocity

Answer 4

We Like people who we think like us

Question 5

Proximity

Answer 5

Being physically close to someone

Question 6

Aggression

Answer 6

Physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm and increase social dominance

Question 7

Attachment

Answer 7

Emotional bond to another person and usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver

Question 8

Types of attachment

Answer 8

Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized

Question 9

Secure attachment

Answer 9

Requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore knowing he or she has a secure base to return to, the child will show strong preference for the caregiver

Question 10

Avoidant attachment

Answer 10

Occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed, crying child, the child has no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers

Question 11

Ambivalent attachment

Answer 11

Hers went to caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately sometimes neglectful, the child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns

Question 12

Disorganized attachment

Answer 12

Occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive, the child has no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregivers absence or presence and may show repetitive behaviors

Question 13

Social support

Answer 13

The perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

Question 14

Emotional support

Answer 14

Includes listening to, affirming, or empathizing with someone’s feelings

Question 15

Esteem support

Answer 15

Affirmed the qualities and skills of the person

Question 16

Material support

Answer 16

Providing physical or monetary resources to eat a person

Question 17

Informational support

Answer 17

Providing useful information to a person

Question 18

Network support

Answer 18

Providing a sense of belonging to a person

Question 19

Foraging

Answer 19

Searching for and exploiting food resources

Question 20

Mating system

Answer 20

Describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior

Question 21

Monogamy

Answer 21

Consists of exclusive mating relationships

Question 22

Polygamy

Answer 22

Consists of one member of a sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex, includes polygyny and polyandry

Question 23

Polygyny

Answer 23

A Male with multiple females

Question 24

Polyandry

Answer 24

A female with multiple mains

Question 25

Promiscuity

Answer 25

Allows a members of one sex to mate with any member of the opposite sex without exclusivity

Question 26

Mate choice

Answer 26

aka intersexual selection, the selection of a mate based on attraction and traits

Question 27

Intersexual selection

Answer 27

aka mate choice, the selection of a mate based on attraction and traits

Question 28

Altruism

Answer 28

A form of helping behavior in which the persons intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself

Question 29

Game theory

Answer 29

Attempts to explain decision making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

Question 30

Inclusive fitness

Answer 30

A measure of an organisms success in the population, this is based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others

Question 31

Social perception

Answer 31

aka social cognition, the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment

Question 32

Social cognition

Answer 32

aka social perception, the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment

Question 33

Implicit personality theory

Answer 33

States that people make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related

Question 34

Primary effect

Answer 34

Refers to when first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions

Question 35

Recency effect

Answer 35

When the most recent information we have about an individual is the most important informing our impression

Question 36

Reliance on central traits

Answer 36

The tendency to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver

Question 37

Halo effect

Answer 37

When judgments of an individual's characters can be affected by the overall impression of the individual

Question 38

Just world hypothesis

Answer 38

The tendency of individuals to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

Question 39

Self-serving bias

Answer 39

Refers to the fact that individuals will view their own success as being based on internal factors while viewing failures is being based on external factors

Question 40

Attribution theory

Answer 40

Focuses on the tendency for individuals tend for the causes of other peoples behavior

Question 41

Dispositional or internal causes

Answer 41

Those that relate to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered

Question 42

Situational or external causes

Answer 42

Those related to features of the surroundings or social context

Question 43

Correspondent inference theory

Answer 43

Used to describe attributions made by observing the intentional (especially unexpected) behaviors performed by another individual

Question 44

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 44

The bias towards making dispositional attribution's brother than situational attribution's in regards to the actions of others

Question 45

Attribute substitution

Answer 45

Occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead substitute a much simpler solution or heuristic

Question 46

Stereotypes

Answer 46

Occurring attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a group or a group of individuals

Question 47

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 47

A process where stereotypes can lead to expectations of certain groups, which can create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotypes

Question 48

Stereotype threat

Answer 48

Concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype that one's social group

Question 49

Prejudice

Answer 49

Find us an irrational positive or negative attitude towards a person, group, or thing prior to an actual experience

Question 50

Ethnocentrism

Answer 50

Refers to the practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one owns culture

Question 51

In group

Answer 51

A social group in which a person experiences a sense of belonging

Question 52

Out group

Answer 52

Refers to a social group in which an individual does not identify

Question 53

Cultural relativism

Answer 53

Refers to the recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms

Question 54

Discrimination

Answer 54

When prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others

Question 55

Individual discrimination

Answer 55

Refers to one person discriminating against a particular person or group

Question 56

Institutional discrimination

Answer 56

Refers to the discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution