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piggy > Behavioural Science - Development > Flashcards

Behavioural Science - Development Flashcards

1
Q

What five categories are assessed by an APGAR score?

A

Appearance (colour), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

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2
Q

What is a perfect APGAR score?

A

10

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3
Q

If a newborn is breathing regularly at birth, what is the APGAR score for respiration?

A

2

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4
Q

If a newborn appears blue or pale, has a pink trunk, or is pink all over, what are its APGAR scores respectively?

A

0 for blue of pink, 1 for pink trunk, 2 for pink all over

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5
Q

At how many minutes after birth is an APGAR score assessed?

A

At 1 and 5 minutes after birth

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6
Q

At 1 minute after birth, a newborn has a pink trunk, a pulse of 130, coughs, has some activity, but irregular respirations. What is the APGAR score?

A

7

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7
Q

At 1 minute after birth, a newborn appears blue, has a pulse of 90, has a grimace, is limp, and has irregular respirations. What is the Apgar score at 1 minute for this newborn?

A

3

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8
Q

How many categories are assessed by an Apgar score, and what is the maximum score for each category?

A

Five categories, 2 points max for each

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9
Q

What are the apgar scores for pulse in a newborn?

A

0 for no pulse, 1 for 100 bpm, 2 for >100bpm

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10
Q

If a newborn is unresponsive to simulation at birth, what is the Apgar score for grimace (reflex irritability)?

A

0

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11
Q

If a newborn grimaces when stimulated at birth, what is the APGAR score for grimace (reflex irritability)?

A

1

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12
Q

If a newborn grimaces and coughs when stimulated at birth, what is the Apgar score for grimace (reflex irritability)?

A

2

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13
Q

If a newborn is limp at birth, what is the Apgar score for activity (muscle tone)?

A

0

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14
Q

If a newborn is holding his or her arms and legs at midline but has little spontaneous active movement of the limbs, what is the Apgar score for activity (muscle tone)?

A

1

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15
Q

If a newborn is active at birth, what is the Apgar score for activity (muscle tone)?

A

2

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16
Q

What are the Apgar scores for respiration in a newborn?

A

0 for no respirations; 1 for breathing irregularly; 2 for spontaneous, regular respirations

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17
Q

True or False? Low birth weight is associated with a reduced incidence of emotional problems.

A

False
• Low birth weight is associated with a greaterincidence of emotional problems
• This is due to immaturities in brain development at birth

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18
Q

What is the definition of low birth weight?

A

2500g

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19
Q

What are the two main causes of low birth weight?

A

Prematurity and IUGR

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20
Q

True or False? Low birth weight is associated with a greater incidence of physical problems.

A

True

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21
Q

What are five major complications of low birth weight?

A

Infection, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and persistent fetal circulation

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22
Q

What is the approximate age of an infant with a rooting reflex?

A

Birth to 3 months

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23
Q

What is the approximate age of an infant who has begun to crawl?

A

7-9 months

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24
Q

What is the approximate age of an infant who has begun to speak a few words?

A

15 months

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25
What is the approximate age of a child who has begun to speak in complete sentences?
3 years
26
What is the approximate age of a child who has developed a conscience?
6-11 years (superego)
27
What is the approximate age of an adolescent girl who has begun to form her own personality?
11 years
28
What is the approximate age of a toddler who begins to realize he is a little boy?
24-36 months (core gender identity)
29
What is the approximate age of an infant who can hold his or her head up?
3 months
30
At what age does Babinski;s reflex disappear?
15 months
31
What is the approximate age of an infant who is anxious when separated from his or her mother?
15 months
32
What is the approximate age of a child who can draw a stick figure?
4 years (simple drawing)
33
What is the approximate age of a child who has same-sex friends?
6-11 years
34
What is the approximate age of a child who can stack nine blocks?
30-36 months (number of blocks stacked = age in years x 3)
35
At what age does the moro reflex disappear?
3 months
36
What is the approximate age of an infant who has begun to walk?
15 months
37
What is the approximate age of a toddler who can climb stairs?
12-24 months
38
What is the approximate age of a child who identifies with the same-sex parent?
6-11 years
39
What is the approximate age of an infant who can roll from front to back?
4-5 months
40
What is the approximate age of an infant who smiles back at you?
3 months
41
What is the approximate age of a toddler who can stack three blocks?
12-24 months
42
What is the approximate age of a child who can ride a tricycle?
3 years (rides 3 wheels at 3)
43
What is the approximate age of an infant who can sit when propped up?
4-5 months
44
What is the approximate age of an infant who appears to recognize people?
4-5 months
45
What is the approximate age of a child who has a 200-word vocabulary?
12-24 months
46
What is the approximate age of a child who can hop on one foot?
4 years
47
True or False? Adolescents reach the formal operations stage of cognitive development around the time that puberty occurs.
True
48
What is the approximate age of an adolescent boy who has abstract reasoning ability?
13y (formal operations stage of cognitive development)
49
What is the approximate age of a child who can copy a line?
3 years
50
What is the approximate age of an infant who can sit alone?
7-9 months
51
What is the approximate age of an infant who is anxious around strangers?
7-9 months
52
What is the approximate age of a child who speaks in two-word sentences?
2 years
53
What is the approximate age of a child who is toilet trained?
30-36 months (pee at age 3)
54
What is the approximate age of a child who can draw a circle?
3 years
55
What is the approximate age of an adolescent boy who has begun to form his own personality?
13 years
56
What is the approximate age of a child who has a 900-word vocabulary?
3 years
57
What is the approximate age of a child who can play Ring Around the Rosie with others?
3 years (group play)
58
What is the approximate age of a child who, together with another child, builds a tower of blocks?
4 years (cooperative play)
59
What is the approximate age of a toddler who can stack six blocks?
18-24 months
60
What is the approximate age of a toddler who continues to search for a toy that you have put behind your back?
12-24 months (object permanence)
61
What is the approximate age of a child who has imaginary friends?
4 years
62
What is the youngest age at which an infant will turn toward a voice?
Within first 3 months
63
What is the approximate age of an infant who can orient himself/herself to voice?
Birth to 3 months
64
What is the approximate age of a child who can copy a cross?
4 years
65
What is the approximate age of a child who can button buttons and/or zip zippers?
4 years
66
What is the approximate age of a toddler who has developed a rapport with his or her aunt?
18-24 months (rapprochement)
67
What is the approximate age of a toddler who plays alongside, but not with, another toddler?
24-48 months (parallel play)
68
What is the approximate afe of a child who can read?
6-11 years
69
What is the approx. age of a child who can understand concept of death?
6-11 years
70
How long does Piaget’s sensorimotor stage last?
From birth to 2 years
71
Which of Piaget;s stages is described by egocentric exploration of the world with the five senses?
Sensorimotor stage
72
During which of Piaget;s stages does the infant engage in use of objects to obtain a goal and achieve an understanding of object permanence?
Sensorimotor stage
73
Which of Piaget;s stages lasts from 2-7 years of age?
Preoperational stage
74
Piaget;s preoperational stage is characterized by acquisition of _____ (motor/language) skills.
Motor
75
What type of thinking predominates in the preoperational stage?
Magical thinking predominates with no logical thinking
76
Piaget;s concrete operation stage takes place during what ages?
7-12 years
77
During which of Piaget;s stages does thinking cease being egocentric?
Concrete operational stage
78
Which of Piaget;s stages marks the start of logical thinking?
Concrete operational stage
79
During Piaget;s concrete operational stage, logical thinking is confined to _____ (concrete/abstract) concepts.
Concrete
80
At what age does Piaget;s formal operational stage begin?
12 years
81
Which of Piaget;s stages marks the development of abstract reasoning?
Formal operational stage
82
What Tanner stage involves pubic hair development, breast tissue elevation in females, and increased testes size in males?
Tanner stage 2 (T2)
83
What Tanner stage in males involves pubic hair becoming darker and curly and penis length increasing?
Tanner stage 3 (T3)
84
What Tanner stage involves the areola raising in females and the penis width increasing, the scrotal skin darkening, and the glans developing in males?
Tanner stage 4 (T4)
85
What Tanner stage involves adult development and the areola no longer being raised in females?
Tanner stage 5 (T5)
86
What Tanner stage occurs during childhood and involves no secondary sex characteristics?
Tanner stage 1 (T1)
87
What types of sexual changes occur in elderly men?
Slower erection/ejaculation, longer refractory period
88
Name four common medical conditions among the elderly.
Arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis
89
What types of sexual changes occur in elderly women?
Vaginal shortening, thinning and dryness
90
True or False? Sexual interest declines among elderly individuals.
False ; sexual interest does not decrease with age
91
Is the amount of time spent in rapid eye movement sleep increased or decreased among the elderly?
Decreased
92
Is the amount of time spent in slow-wave sleep increased or decreased in the elderly?
Decreased
93
Is sleep latency increased or decreased in the elderly?
Increased
94
True or False? The number of awakenings during the night decreases in the elderly.
False ; the number of awakenings during the night increases
95
Psychiatric disorders are found at (higher/lower) prevalence among the healthy elderly population.
Lower
96
True or False? Men 65-74 years of age have the highest suicide rate in the United States.
True
97
True or False? Immune response improves with adult aging.
False ; the immune response worsens with aging
98
True or False? Bladder control improves with adult aging.
False ; bladder control worsens with aging
99
True or False? Renal function declines with adult aging.
True
100
True or False? Pulmonary function declines with adult aging.
True
101
True or False? Gastrointestinal function declines with adult aging.
True
102
True or False? Muscle mass decreases with adult aging.
True
103
True or False? Fat composition decreases with adult aging.
False ; fat composition increases with aging
104
True or False? Intelligence declines with adult aging.
False ; intelligence does not decline with age
105
True or False? One may experience illusions during normal bereavement.
True
106
How long does normal grief typically last after the death of a loved one?
6 months to 1 year
107
What are four characteristic components of normal bereavement?
Shock, denial, guilt, and somatic symptoms
108
What is pathologic grief?
Grief that is excessively intense or prolonged or grief that is delayed, inhibited, or denied
109
What are three symptoms indicative of pathological grief?
Depression, delusions, hallucinations
110
What three experiences may patients with pathologic grief have?
Depressive symptoms, delusions, and hallucinations
111
What are the five stages of grief, according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Grief, Acceptance (Death Arrives Bringing Grave Adjustments)
112
True or False? The five stages of grief progress in a predictable order.
False ; they do not always occur in a predictable order
113
True or False? More than one stage of grief can be present at any one time.
True

piggy (83 decks)

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