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NSG219 > Better Endocrine > Flashcards

Better Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the adrenal cortex release

A

glucocrtiocids and mineralcorticoids

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2
Q

what is the primary glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

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3
Q

what does glucocorticoids do

A

regulate fluid balance, anti inflammatory and regulating BP

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4
Q

what does the thyroid gland affect

A

metabolism, HR, RBC production, RR

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5
Q

what are the main thyroid gland hormones

A

T3 and T4

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6
Q

what does the adrenal medulla release

A

catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine)

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7
Q

what does the parathyroid gland secrete

A

calcitonin

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8
Q

How does calcitonin work

A

stops the bones from releasing calcium and phosphorous to regulate calcium levels

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9
Q

what happens when steriods arent tapred off

A

adrenal insufficency

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10
Q

what are the ss of adrenal insufficency

A

decrease BP and decrease BG

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11
Q

what is included in the gonads

A

ovaries and testes

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12
Q

what does the pancreas secrete and regulate

A

glucagon and insulin to maintain BG

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13
Q

what does the posterior pituitary glands effect

A

hematocrit, serum sodium, and urine specific gravity

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14
Q

what does the parathyroid affect

A

calcium, ionized calcium, Vit D, magnesium, and phosphorus

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15
Q

what are the aging changes for endocrine

A

gonads, thyroid gland, gradually decrease, decrease in ADH, glucose tolerance and metabolism

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16
Q

what does the luiteinizing hormone effect

A

ovulation and testosterone

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17
Q

what does the prolactin hormone effect

A

mammary glands for milk (breast feeding)

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18
Q

what labs help diagnosis hypopituitarism

A

TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH

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19
Q

what is the diet for someone with Hypopituitarism

A

adequate amounts of Vit D and calcium

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20
Q

what does the follicle stimulating hormone do

A

maturation of ovaries and sperm production

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21
Q

what could be the cause of hypopituitarism

A

dysfunction (from tumor or damage), increased intracranial pressure, CNS infection, it is gradual

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22
Q

what are the ss of hypopituitarism

A

depends on what hormone is effected, increased weight, slow metabolism, increased sensitivity to cold, infertility, increased estorgen, hair loss, increased urine out put (even if input is decreased), decreased BP, decreased specific gravity

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23
Q

what is the management goal of hypopituitarism

A

restore target hormone, increase vit d and calcium

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24
Q

what is the cause for hyperpituitarism

A

Hyper-secreting tumor not genetic

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25
what does bromocriptide mesylate med do
dopamine antagonist, stops releasr of anterior pituitary hormones
26
what is sterotactic radoisurgrey
minimally invasive, high dose of radiation to specific part of the brain
27
what are some complications of hyperpituitarism
increase BG, increase BP, acromegaly, excess TSH increase thyroid hormone which could cause thyroid storm
28
what are the ss of DI after transsphenodal hypophysectomy
decreased BP and increased HR
29
if someone had a fever after transsphenodal hypophysectomy what would you expect
infection or CNS leakage,
30
what are the ss of meningitis after a transsphenodal hypophysectomy
increased temp, stiff neck, photophobia
31
what does the pituitary gland secrete and effect
secretes ADH and oxytocin maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, circadian homeostasis (oxytocin), release of breast milk and cervical changes during labor
32
what are the ss of DI
depends of water loss, increase sodium and hematocrit, decrease BP, increase HR, clinical manifestations are polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia
33
what does desmopressin med do
increase amount of fluid absorbed in kidneys then returned to the blood
34
what is the drug of choice for DI
desmopressin
35
why would someone take vasopressin over desmopressin
cheaper
36
what are the ss of hyperpituitarism
increase BP, BG sodium, bone density, menstural irregularties, expothalamos, acromegally
37
what is a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
removal of hyper-secreting tumors of hyperpituitarism graft is placed after to aide in healing
38
what does somatosatin analog do
stops growth hormone
39
what is central DI
decreased ADH, autoimmune destruction of hypothalamus
40
what do you expect urine specific gravity to be if diagnosing DI
less then 1.005
41
what is the key indicator of DI
osmolarity lower then 200
42
how do you manage DI
Maintaining adequate fluids, in emergencies IV fluids can be given (but if so monitor for fluid overload and increased BP)
43
when correcting high sodium in DI how much should you lose
0.5/hr
44
what are the complications of DI
dehydration and hypovolemia
45
someone with permanent DI they will need what for life
hormone replacement daily
46
what is SADH
increased ADH, water overload and hemodialation
47
how do you manage SADH
correction of increased sodium, so give 3% NS but it may cause hyperosmolarity
48
what do you need to assess for SADH
neurological, I/O, sodium osmolarity
49
what do you need to assess for DI
BP, HR, I/O, weight, sodium, hematocritwhat a
50
what are the side effects for SADH
decrease urine output, increased sodium,
51
when sodium decreases too fast what can happen
seizures or coma
52
what is demeclocycline for and what does it do
SADH | increases water secretion
53
what does coritsol do
fat, carb, and protein metabolism, supress immune response, and controls the bodies stress response
54
what does aldosterone do
promotes sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion
55
what is the cause of adrenal gland insufficency
autoimmune,
56
what is a insulin tolerance test
uses hypoglycemia stress to induce cortisol production
57
what does an enlargement of the adrenal cause by
infection
58
what does shrinkage of adrenal mean
destruction
59
what is adrenal crisis
severe decrease in fluids, decreased BP and increased potassium
60
what are the ss of hypercortisolism/ cushings
increased BP, fluid retention, decreased postassium, buffalo hump, moon face, skinny arms
61
how do you diagnosis cushings/ hypercoritolism
cortisol levels, electrolyte levels, 24 hour urine recall (bc cortisol fluctuate)
62
what does epinephrine and norepinephrine do
mimics SNS - fight or flight
63
what are the ss of adrenal insufficiency/ addisons
darkened skin, decreased BP (bc of fluid loss), decreased weight
64
how do you diagnosis addisons, or adrenal insufficency
cortisol below 3, decreased sodium/glucose | increased potassium/cortisol
65
what is the treatment of choice for adrenal insufficency/ addisons
Hydrocortisone
66
what could adrenal hyper function be caused by
tumor, medication
67
what is the main focus of managing cushings
prevent complications associated with with fluid overload
68
what does aminoglutethimide
interferes with cortisol production
69
what does pasireotide (signifor) do
inhibits corticotropin with cushings
70
what is crohns
hyperaldosterone
71
what are the ss of hyperaldosterone/crohns
increased sodium, decreased potassium, increased BP, edema, cardiac irregularities , headache, thirst, memory loss
72
what can severe BP cause
stroke or MI
73
how do you diagnosis phenochromocytoma
sudden increase in BP, severe headache, increase in HR, usually only seen on autopsy
74
when measuring blood catechlolamine for phenochromocytoma what are the interventions
client must lay 30 min prior
75
when measuring urine for phenochromocytoma what should the patient avoid
bananas, tea, chocolate, vanilla (foods high in amines)
76
what is a goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland happens when compensating for low T3 and T4
77
what is synthroid for and when should you take it
Hypothyroidism, started low, take in AM on empty stomach bc it effects metabolism
78
what does cyproheptadine do
impacts ACTH
79
what is hyperalodsterone/crohns diet
low sodium high potassium
80
what are the complications for hypercortisolism/ cushings
osetoprosis, abrupt withdrawal, increased BG, GI bleeding
81
what must the patient do before a bilateral adrenalectomy
take alpha blockers a week before have a BP of 120/80
82
what will a patient have to take after a bilateral adrenalectomy
adrenal cortex hormone for life
83
what are the ss of hypothyroidsm/ hasimotos
decreased metabolism, decreased energy, increased sleep, decreased appetitie, weight loss, hair loss, lack of sweating, myxedema
84
what will you test for hasimotos
antithyroid antibodies
85
what is hyperthyroidsm/ graves
over secretion of TRH, TSH, or T3 and T4
86
what is the cause of graves disease
hereditary
87
what is iodine preparations
Radioactive iodine to damage or destroy thyroid cells
88
after iodine preparations for hyperthyroidsms what must the patient do
avoid close contact with others, social distance, sleep alone, dont share personal items, clean your stuff separately
89
what is a thyroid storm
poorly managed hyperthyroidism,
90
what is the priority for a thyroid storm
airway management and fluid resusictation
91
what do you want to assess for hypothyroidism
HR,RR, temp, weight, cholesterol, O2, calcium, skin, bowel elimination
92
what are the ss of hyperthyroidsm
accelerated metabolism, increased HR, heat intolerance, decreased weight, fatigue, insomnia, increased appetite, expothalamous (vision changes)
93
how do you diagnosis hyperthyroidsm
elevated T3 adn T4 decreased TSH
94
what does lithium carbonate do
interferes with thyroid hormone synthesis, drink lots of fluid
95
what are the ss of a thyroid storm
increased HR/temp/BP, abdominal pain, changes in LOC, tremors
96
after a thyroidectomy what should you assess
damage to laryngeal nerve, voice assess every hour, semi fowlers, monitor airway
97
Trousseau and choveks increases the risk for what
laryngealspasms and airway compromise
98
what are the ss of hypoparathyroidsm
trousseau, choveks, numbness/tingling around mouth/hands/feet, cramps
99
what could be the cause of hyperparathyroidsm
renal failure or decreased calcium
100
what happens to the bones for hyperpatathyroidsm
osteoclasts which breaks down bones
101
what is the definitive diagnosis of hyperthyroidsm
PTH
102
what can happen to the PR and QT for hyperparathyroidsm
prlonged PR shortened QT
103
what are the ss of hyperparathyroidsm
polyuria, anorexia, constipation, cardiac changes, muscle weakness

NSG219 (11 decks)

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