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NSG219 > Better renal > Flashcards

Better renal Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the risks for pylenoephritis

A

UTI, men over 65, spinal cord injury, bladder tummors, chronic illness

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2
Q

what is pylenoephritis

A

infection/inflammation of the kidney

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3
Q

what is the infectious cause of pylenonephritis

A

e.coli

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4
Q

where does pylenoephritis begin and what can it cause

A

lower urinary tract

can cause scaring which alters blood flow

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5
Q

what is glomernephritis

A

inflammation of the golmeruli

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6
Q

what is the cause of glomernephritis

A

autoimmune

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7
Q

what are some diruretics used for glomernephritits

A

lasix, spriolactone, or HCTZ

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8
Q

what are the ss of polycystic kidney disease

A

none in the beginning, increase BP is 1st, then hematuria, back pain, UTIs, headaches, enlarged kidneys

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9
Q

what are you assessing for glomernephritis

A

VS (increased BP), weight, I/O, abdominal girth

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10
Q

what diet modifications are made for glomernephritis

A

low-moderated potassium diet

fluid and sodium restriction

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11
Q

what antihypertensives are used for polycyctic

A

lisinopril, capopril, valasartan, olmesartan

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12
Q

what is acute kidney injury

A

acute, rapid loss of renal function

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13
Q

what are the 3 cause of acute renal failure

A

prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal

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14
Q

what do you need to correct or monitor for AKI

A

fluid overload, monitor BP, HR, I/O

eliminate cause and prevent complications

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15
Q

what is intrarenal AKI

A

direct damage to renal tissue which will cause decrease

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16
Q

what are some complications of peritoneal dialysis

A

increase BG, increase triglycerides, outflow problems, respiratory compromise, cath infection, peritonitis

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17
Q

what are the ss of pylenoephritis

A

ss of infection, back pain, CVA tenderness, hematuria, suprapubic pain

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18
Q

what are some antibiotics used for pylenoephritis

A

bactrium BS, ciprofloaxcin

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19
Q

what are some ss of glomernephritis

A

protien in the urine, edema, decreased urine output, increase BP, increase BUN/creatine

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20
Q

what are the risks for glomernephritis

A

recent infection, travel, systemic disease, recent surgrey or illness

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21
Q

what is polycystic disease

A

genetic, progressive, fluid-filled cyst can move to lungs, liver and renal failure

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22
Q

what diet interventions do you want to do for polycystic

A

decrease potassium, fluid/sodium restriction

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23
Q

what corticosteriods are used for glomernephritis

A

perdisone, methylpredisone, dexamethasone

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24
Q

what are the ss of renal trauma

A

decrease urine outpout, hematuria, back pain, decreased BP (because of bleeding)

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25
what are the complications of polycystic kidney disease
severe high BP, renal calculi, recurrent UTIs, heart valve abnormalities, renal failure
26
what is prerenal AKI
decreased blood flow = decreased prefusion and filtration, decreased urine output and increase bun and creatine
27
what are the ss of acute kidney injury
decreased urine output, edema, pulmomary edema, heart failure, shortness of breath, chest pain, electrolyte imbalances, coma
28
what labs would you expect for acute renal injury
increase BUN, creatine, potassium decrease sodium, calcium anemia, metabolic acidosis
29
what is peritoneal dialysis
home treatment, hypertonic solution into peritoneal cavity and then dwell out
30
who cant have peritoneal dialysis
someone who has had multiple abdominal surgries
31
what diruetics are used or AKI
lasix, bumetanide
32
what are the ss of chronic kidney disease
increase BP, heart failure, pulmonary edema, anorexia, seizures, bone breakdown, arrhythmias, anemia
33
what labs help diagnosis chronic kidney injury
increase serum creatine, decrease creatine clerance, protein in the urine
34
what images can be used to diagnose chronic kidney injury
CT or biopsy
35
what is normal creatine
0.5-1.2
36
what does increase creatine mean
renal failure
37
what is the function of the kidney
hormonal, urine formation, and regulatory
38
what are the ss of benign prostate hyperplasia
difficulty starting stream of urine, weak stream of urine, dribbling, possible incontinence, bed wetting
39
what does angiotensin 1 and ace make
angiotensin 2
40
what does angiotensin 2 do
constricts blood vessels to increase BP
41
what is normal protein
2-8
42
what do kegel excersise do
strengthen external spincter
43
what does erythropoietin do
stimulates production of RBCs
44
what happens to erythropoietin to renal impairment
can cause anemia
45
what are the ss of urolithiasis
severe pain, N/V, location of pain depends on location of stone, gross hematuria
46
what is a med example of alpha adrenergic blockers
flowmax
47
what does alpha adrenergic blockers (flowmax) do
vasodialation which decreases BP, decrease of muscle tone which can decrease prostate size
48
who cant take alpha adrenergic blockers (flomax)
vascular/ hepatic/ renal disease
49
what is normal BUN
10-20
50
what is bladder prolapse
wall between bladder and vagina weaken allowing bladder to descend into vagina
51
what is chronic kidney disease
progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function, slow long onset
52
what is the treatment for hyperkalemia
IV calcium, IV glucose/insulin, albuterol to move potassium
53
what are the complications for hemodialysis
decreased BP, systemic infection, AV fistula
54
what are the ss of renal cancer
mostly none, flank pain, weight loss, increase BP, fever, anemia
55
what is normal bicarbonate
22-26
56
what does renin do
regulates BP
57
when is renin released
when decrease blood flow/volume/ sodium
58
what is transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
removing inner part of prostate
59
what are the risks for transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
infection, bleeding
60
what are the ss of internal bleeding (from renal biopsy)
flank pain, decreased urine output, decrease BP, hypovolemia
61
what are some nephrotoxic meds
gentamicin, acyclovir, sulfonamide
62
what are some age related changes seen in kidney
decrease in size, decreased GFR, increased BUN/creatine, decreased muscle tone, decreased bladder capacity, increase prostate gland
63
what is normal glomerular filtration rate
125ml/min
64
what does vit D do
formed into cacitrol which is required for calcium to be absorbed
65
how do you diagnosis urothiasis
non-contrast CT, KUB, ultrasound
66
what cant be seen on a KUB
uric acid stones
67
what is normal bun/ceratine ratio
6-25
68
what is normal uric acid
3.5-8
69
what is critical uric acid
over 12
70
what is a arteriography
catheter in femoral artery then advanced into renal arteries, IV contrast is injected to look for strictures, bleeding
71
what is urothiasis
kidney stones
72
who does urothiasis effect more
white dudes
73
what is a ureteroscopy
for mild/distal urethral stones, general anthesia used, my place stent for dialation
74
what is normal Ph
4.5-8
75
what is overflow incontinence
enlarged bladder, from obstruction (spinal cord injury/ stroke) = frequent urination
76
what is intravenous urography
contrast IV then X-rays at different times then again after voiding to check for retention
77
what is reflex incontience
disorders that effect nervous impulse for voiding which means bladder muscle contracts on its own and spincter has varying control
78
what is the defentive diagnosis for polycystic
abdominal ultrasound
79
what is normal calcium
8-10
80
what med do you have to stop before procedures
metformin
81
what baseline do you need to get before intravenous urography
creatine
82
what is an example of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
proscar
83
what is normal specific gravity
1.005- 1.030
84
what is stress incontinence
urine leaks with increased abdominal pressure
85
how can you prevent UTIs
3L fluid/daily, good hygiene, empty bladder every 3-4 hours
86
what is percutaneous ureterolithotomy/ nephrolithotomy
used for large stones (2cm), general anthesia used
87
what is the care after renal biopsy
pressure till bleeding stops, check hct,hgb, bed rest for 24 hours, will have blood in the urine for 24-48 hours
88
what is urge incontience
bladder irritants (alcohol/caffiene), strong urge plus leakage
89
what is normal RBC/WBC
0-5
90
what is functional incontience
inability to get to or communicate to go to eh bathroom
91
what is normal osmolarity
250-900

NSG219 (11 decks)

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