Big Blue Book Flashcards
(359 cards)
1
Q
What are the basic mechanical skills essential for working on a bike?
A
Routine maintenance, repair, assembly, and troubleshooting
Understanding these basics is crucial for both experienced and inexperienced bike mechanics.
2
Q
What is the purpose of threaded fasteners in bicycle maintenance?
A
To hold many components to the bike, including acting as a ‘nut’ for certain components
Examples include bottom bracket bearing cups and adaptors.
3
Q
What are the two parts of a fastener?
A
- External thread (bolt or screw)
- Internal thread (nut)
4
Q
What measurements determine thread sizing and naming?
A
- Diameter
- Pitch
5
Q
How is the diameter of a threaded fastener measured?
A
As a nominal outside diameter (OD) of the external thread, measured from the top of the thread peaks.
6
Q
What is the actual measurement of a ½6” pedal thread?
A
0.551”, not the true ½6” decimal equivalent of 0.5625”.
7
Q
How is metric thread sizing indicated?
A
In millimeters with the prefix ‘M’, for example, M6.
8
Q
What is thread pitch?
A
The distance from the crest of one thread to another, measured along the length of the thread.
9
Q
How is thread pitch best measured?
A
With a thread pitch gauge.
10
Q
What does ‘tpi’ stand for in threaded fasteners?
A
‘Threads per inch’.
11
Q
What is an example of a metric thread specification?
A
M10 with a 1mm pitch.
12
Q
What are right-hand threads?
A
Threads that tighten when turned clockwise.
13
Q
What are left-hand threads?
A
Threads that tighten when turned counterclockwise.
14
Q
What is preload in the context of threaded fasteners?
A
The stretching force that holds the joint together.
15
Q
What can happen if a fastener is overtightened?
A
It can damage the part or deform the threads.
16
Q
What is a common symptom of loose bolts and nuts on a bike?
A
Creaking noises as component parts move and rub under stress.
17
Q
What is the purpose of lubricating threads before assembly?
A
To allow full tightening and create tension in the joint, while preventing corrosion.
18
Q
What type of lubricant is preferred for larger thread sizes?
A
Grease.
19
Q
What should you not do with Nyloc fittings?
A
Do not lubricate the limit screw threads.
20
Q
What is critical when engaging inner and outer threads during assembly?
A
Aligning threads correctly to avoid damaging the first threads.
21
Q
What is the weakest link in a threaded fastener joint?
A
The part that cannot withstand as much pressure as the bolt can generate.
22
Q
What is a torque wrench used for?
A
To measure the amount of turning effort applied to a bolt or nut.
23
Q
What units are commonly used to measure torque?
A
- Newton-meter (Nm)
- Inch-pound
- Foot-pound
24
Q
How do you convert inch-pounds to foot-pounds?
A
Divide the inch-pound number by 12.
25
What is perceived effort?
The subjective feeling of the force applied to a wrench when tightening a fastener.
26
What is the concept of mechanical advantage in relation to wrenches?
The wrench acts as a lever that pivots on the bolt or nut.
27
How should two wrenches be positioned to maximize force application?
To form a 'V' with the bolt or nut at the point of the 'V'.
28
What is the maximum angle to avoid when positioning wrenches?
Greater than 90 degrees.
29
What is the concept of 'boundary lubrication'?
A very thin film of lubricant that separates moving bearing surfaces.
30
What are the two types of lubrication categories for bicycles?
* Light liquid lubricants
* Heavy lubricants
31
What is a common example of a light lubricant?
Park Tool CL-1 Synthetic Blend Chain Lube or Triflow
32
What is grease composed of?
Oil suspended in a mixture of surfactant, soap, or other compounds.
33
When should grease be changed?
When it becomes contaminated with grit and dirt or when the oil in the grease becomes old and dry.
34
How often should grease be replaced for daily or racing bicycles?
Two to three times per year.
35
What is the function of anti-seize compound?
Provides a thick and durable coating for surfaces.
36
What are threadlockers used for?
Special liquid adhesives for threaded and pressed fittings.
37
What is a characteristic of lighter duty threadlockers?
Considered 'service removable'.
38
What is the purpose of retaining compounds?
Intended for press fit applications.
39
What is an assembly compound used for on carbon fiber bikes?
Provides extra friction for secure fittings.
40
Fill in the blank: A good lubricant should _______.
[stick to the part requiring lubrication]
41
What should never be used as cleaning solvents for bicycles?
Highly flammable liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, or diesel.
42
What are the two basic ball bearing systems?
* Cartridge bearing systems
* Adjustable 'cup-and-cone' bearing systems
43
What is a journal bearing?
One surface sliding or turning inside another.
44
What minimizes wear in bearing systems?
Greasing the races and balls.
45
What happens to cartridge bearings with use?
Play develops between the inner and outer races.
46
What should be done if the axle or spindle can be removed from the cartridge bearing?
Lift the seal, flush the bearings with solvent, blow dry, and repack with grease.
47
True or False: Cartridge-type systems are designed to be cleaned and reused.
False.
48
What is the risk of exposure to elements for bearing systems?
Increases wear on the bearing surfaces and shortens bearing life.
49
What should you pay attention to while riding to help diagnose bike problems?
How the bike sounds and feels when operating properly
## Footnote
Familiarity with the bike's normal operation assists in identifying issues.
50
Why is it important to know the names of bicycle component parts?
It enables you to converse and provide useful information to mechanics
## Footnote
Understanding terminology aids in effective communication about bike issues.
51
What does diagnosing from the saddle involve?
Noting unusual noises and their patterns during riding
## Footnote
Observing noise repetition helps isolate the problem area.
52
What can a friend help with during bike diagnosis?
Stress the suspect part while you listen and feel for creaking
## Footnote
Collaboration can enhance the diagnosis process.
53
What is the purpose of the 'Troubleshooting' tables at the end of the chapters?
To list symptoms, likely problems, and solutions
## Footnote
These tables provide a quick reference for common bike issues.
54
What is a key consideration when selecting tools for bicycle maintenance?
Having the correct tool for the job makes work easier
## Footnote
Proper tools minimize effort and potential damage during repairs.
55
Where can you find sources for bicycle tools?
Bicycle retailers, department stores, automotive stores, and general tool retailers
## Footnote
Public workshops may also provide tool rentals.
56
What is a potential drawback of purchasing tools only as needed?
It can create delays in fixing the bike
## Footnote
Anticipating tool needs allows for timely repairs.
57
What should you consider regarding tool fit?
The tool should fit the part correctly without being too large or too small
## Footnote
Proper fit prevents damage to both the tool and the component.
58
What is the recommended size for a wrench when working with bolts?
Pick the smallest size that fits over the bolt head or nut
## Footnote
Smaller wrenches provide better grip and prevent slipping.
59
How should a wrench be positioned before turning?
Fully on the nut or bolt head
## Footnote
Ensures maximum torque and prevents tool damage.
60
What is the advantage of a repair stand?
It makes repairs quicker, easier, and more fun
## Footnote
Elevating the bike reduces physical strain during repairs.
61
What is often recommended for clamping bike frames?
Clamping the seat post rather than the frame tubing
## Footnote
Seat posts are typically strong enough to support the bike's weight.
62
What is a common size for commercial workbenches?
72 inches by 30 inches
## Footnote
This size provides sufficient workspace for bike repairs.
63
How should tools be arranged in a home shop?
Group specialty tools together and keep frequently used tools within easy reach
## Footnote
Efficient organization saves time during repairs.
64
What safety equipment is recommended during bike repair work?
Safety glasses
## Footnote
Protects against flying debris during hammering or other activities.
65
What should you do when working with solvents and lubricants?
Use care and consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) if uncertain
## Footnote
Protects against chemical exposure risks.
66
What is a good precaution for mechanics regarding injuries?
Keep up to date with tetanus shots
## Footnote
Minimizes health risks from potential cuts and abrasions.
67
What are tires fitted over the wheel commonly referred to as?
Wired-on tires or clinchers
68
What is the purpose of the air inside conventional tires?
To provide a smooth ride
69
What does the inner tube in conventional tires do?
Holds the air
70
What are 'tubeless' systems in tires?
Tires that contain no inner tube and use special rims
71
What type of tire system do many professional road racers use?
Sew-up or tubular tire systems
72
What is a basic skill required for any cyclist?
Servicing flat tires
73
What can puncture tires and inner tubes?
Sharp thorns, glass, or nails
74
What must be done to replace the tube and tire?
Wheels must be removed
75
What should you do if no repair stand is available?
Lay the bike on the non-drive side
76
What type of bikes do not require tools for wheel removal?
Bikes with quick-release hubs
77
What is the common axle size for front forks?
9mm front axle
78
What is the common axle size for rear forks?
10mm rear axle
79
What mechanism do quick-release wheels use?
A cam mechanism with a lever
80
What does the adjusting nut on a quick-release do?
Determines the amount of tension on the quick-release lever
81
What do non-quick-release hubs use?
A solid axle with nuts outside the dropouts
82
What should be lubricated while the wheel is off the bike?
Axle threads
83
What is the first step in the rear wheel removal procedure?
Shift derailleurs to outermost rear cog and innermost front chainring
84
What must be released before removing the wheel?
Rim brake caliper quick-release
85
What should be done to guide the front wheel out?
Guide wheel through brake pads and out fork ends
86
What is a feature of some rear derailleur systems?
Clutch mechanism in their pivots
87
What is the purpose of the Shimano® clutch system lever?
To disengage the clutch feature for easier removal of the rear wheel
88
What is a thru axle?
A connecting shaft used in thru axle frame and fork designs
89
What are the diameter standards for front fork thru axles?
12mm, 15mm or 20mm
90
What is the common diameter for rear hubs in thru axle systems?
12mm diameter axle
91
What is necessary to remove to take off a wheel with a thru axle?
The thru axle must be removed completely
92
What must the thru axle thread pitch match?
The frame standard and thru axle standard
93
What is the torque specification for tightening a thru axle lever?
10-12Nm
94
What does the compression pinch system use at the dropout?
Screws to hold the axle after installation
95
What is the first step in removing a tire and tube from a rim?
Remove valve cap and loosen any locking nut next to the rim if present
## Footnote
This is crucial before deflating the inner tube.
96
What tool is used to pry the tire bead over the rim sidewall?
Tire levers
## Footnote
Different types include plastic and steel levers, with plastic being preferred for carbon fiber rims.
97
What should be done to the inner tube before removing the tire?
Deflate the tube completely
## Footnote
This makes it easier to remove the tire from the rim.
98
How should tire levers be positioned when removing a tire?
One lever under the bead, second lever 1-2 inches from the first
## Footnote
Both levers should be pushed down towards the spokes to lift the bead off the rim.
99
What is the purpose of marking the tire at the valve?
To help locate any holes in the tube
## Footnote
This assists in tracing the location back to the tire during inspection.
100
What is the recommended action if a tube has a large shredded hole?
Check for tire blowouts, as they are not repairable
## Footnote
Inspect tire and rim for seating problems.
101
What should be done to inspect an inner tube for leaks?
Reinflate the inner tube to twice or three times its normal width
## Footnote
This helps locate small leaks more easily.
102
What indicates a cut at the valve base of the inner tube?
Misalignment of the inner tube in the rim or riding with low pressure
## Footnote
Ensure the valve is straight and check tire pressure regularly.
103
What type of inner tube is more porous and requires air before every ride?
Latex inner tubes
## Footnote
They are typically lighter and come in a cream or light gray color.
104
What should be inspected on the tire to locate the cause of a flat?
Both outside rubber tread and inside casing
## Footnote
This includes looking for embedded objects like nails or glass.
105
What does 'tire rot' refer to?
Tire casing deterioration
## Footnote
Old and rotted tires are more susceptible to punctures and blowouts.
106
What is the function of rim strips?
To cover holes or nipples in the rim and protect inner tubes
## Footnote
They can be made of cloth, rubber, or polyurethane plastic.
107
What is the safest procedure when dealing with a punctured inner tube?
Replace it with a new tube
## Footnote
Repairing small holes may be acceptable, but large holes usually cannot be fixed.
108
What is a key step in using the Park Tool GP-2 Super Patch Kit?
Clean the area around the hole with fine emery cloth or sandpaper
## Footnote
This prepares the surface for better adhesion of the patch.
109
What should be done before applying a self-vulcanizing patch?
Apply a thin layer of self-vulcanizing fluid on the tube
## Footnote
This fluid helps bond the patch to the inner tube.
110
True or False: A tire with visible cracks in the casing should be kept in use.
False
## Footnote
Cracks indicate deterioration and increase the risk of failure.
111
Fill in the blank: A large hole in the inner tube from a blowout is usually _______.
not repairable
112
What is the purpose of liquid sealants in inner tubes?
To seal small holes in the tube
## Footnote
Sealants are intended for minor punctures and can complicate patching.
113
How should you position the valve when injecting sealant into a tube?
At four o'clock or eight o'clock position
## Footnote
This positioning allows for easier entry of sealant into the tube.
114
What is a common issue when using sealants in inner tubes?
They can prevent good patch bonding
## Footnote
Sealants may also clog valve cores and tire pump heads.
115
What are tire liners and what do they do?
Strips of tough, flexible material that help prevent sharp objects from reaching the inner tube
## Footnote
They do not prevent pinch flats or protect against sidewall penetrations.
116
What should you use for a temporary tire repair if the casing is damaged?
Park Tool TB-2 Emergency Tire Boot
## Footnote
This is a temporary measure; the tire should be replaced as soon as possible.
117
What two common types of valve stems are found on bicycles?
Schrader and Presta
## Footnote
Schrader is the 'American' type, while Presta is the 'French' type.
118
How do you deflate a Schrader valve tube?
Press on the internal stem with a small hex wrench or object
## Footnote
This releases air from the tube.
119
What is required to inflate a Presta tube?
Unthread the valve locknut and inflate using a Presta-compatible pump
## Footnote
This valve has a smaller diameter and requires a specific pump.
120
What does the '700c' designation refer to?
It is a code that does not directly refer to bead diameter
## Footnote
The actual bead diameter for a 700c tire is 622mm.
121
What is the ETRTO system used for?
Tire and rim sizing
## Footnote
It provides a standardized way to match tires and rims.
122
What happens if you mix tires and wheels with different bead seat diameters?
They will not fit properly
## Footnote
This can lead to installation issues and safety concerns.
123
What is a common mistake when selecting tires based on inch designations?
Assuming they refer to the bead seat measurement
## Footnote
Different tires may have varying bead seat diameters despite similar inch sizes.
124
What should the inner tube match closely?
The tire size diameter
## Footnote
The inner tube should also match the tire width for proper fit.
125
What should you avoid using to mount a tire?
Screwdrivers or sharp tools
## Footnote
These can damage the tire or rim.
126
What is the effect of a narrow tire on a wide rim?
The tire profile shape will be less rounded
## Footnote
This may affect handling and cornering stability.
127
What is the recommended ratio for ISO tire width to rim width?
Between one and a half to two times
## Footnote
A wider rim generally accommodates a wider tire.
128
What does a removable valve core allow for?
Easier cleaning and sealant injection
## Footnote
It is useful for maintenance and repairs.
129
What should be done if the valve core is jammed with dirt?
Remove the valve core for cleaning
## Footnote
This can help restore proper function.
130
What is the size of a 26 x 1 3 inch tire?
26 x 1 3 inch
131
What is the equivalent size of 650b in inches?
27.5-inch
132
What is the size designation for a 26 x 1-3.7 inch tire?
26 x 1-3.7 inch
133
What is the size of a 26 x 1 ½ inch or 650c tire?
26 x 1 ½ inch or 650c
134
What is the size of a 24 x 1-1.75 inch tire?
24 x 1-1.75 inch
135
What is the size of a 20 x 1-1½ inch tire?
20 x 1-1½ inch
136
What is the size of a 20 x 1-2.2 inch tire?
20 x 1-2.2 inch
137
What is the size of a 16 x 1 3 inch tire?
16 x 1 3 inch
138
What is the size of a 16 x 1-2.2 inch tire?
16 x 1-2.2 inch
139
What type of bikes use 29 inch tires?
MTB using the 29 inch tires
140
What type of bikes are older road bikes and less expensive road bikes?
Older road bikes and less expensive road bikes
141
Which bikes are categorized as road bikes and hybrid bikes?
Road bikes, hybrid bikes
142
What is the size for older Schwinn® S-6?
Older Schwinn® S-6 sizing
143
What types of bikes are department store three-speeds and English three-speeds?
Department store three-speeds, English three-speeds
144
What type of bikes use MTB and some touring 'randonneur' bikes?
MTB and some touring 'randonneur' bikes
145
What tire size is used by MTB using 26-inch sizing?
MTB using 26-inch sizing
146
What type of bikes are smaller road bikes or special triathlete bikes?
Smaller road bikes or special triathlete bikes
147
What type of bikes are juvenile MTB?
Juvenile MTB
148
What types of bikes use BMX racing and recumbent sizing?
BMX racing and recumbent (fractional inch widths)
149
What types of bikes are juvenile bikes, BMX, freestyle bikes, and recumbents?
Juvenile bikes, BMX, freestyle bikes, recumbents
150
What type of bike has a front small wheel recumbent?
Some recumbents and juvenile bikes
151
What is the first step in the tire installation procedure?
Note any directional arrows by the tire manufacturer
152
What do directional arrows printed on sidewalls indicate?
Rotation of wheel
153
What is the second step in the tire installation procedure?
Inflate tube enough for tube to hold its shape
154
Where should the tube valve be positioned during installation?
Adjacent to air pressure recommendations written on tire sidewall
155
What should you do after installing the tube inside the tire?
Lean rim vertically against your legs with valve hole facing up
156
What must be done to the tire and valve during installation?
Align valve so it is pointing straight toward hub
157
What is the recommended method for installing tire beads?
Install one bead at a time, beginning with one adjacent to your legs
158
What caution should be taken when using tire levers?
Avoid pinching inner tube
159
How should you work the tube during installation?
Work tube over rim sidewall and into rim cavity
160
What should you inspect for after installing both beads?
Inspect both sides of tire for bead seating and for any sign inner tube sticking out
161
What should be done after inflating to low pressure?
Inspect bead again on both sides
162
What indicates a correctly seated tire bead?
A small molding line above bead that runs consistently above rim
163
What is the final step in the inflation process?
Inflate to full pressure and check with a pressure gauge
164
What may be necessary for fully threaded valve shafts after inflation?
Reinstall any locking nut only lightly finger tight
165
What is a tubeless tire system?
A tire sealed airtight to the rim bead hook without an internal inner tube.
166
What advantage do tubeless tires provide for mountain and cyclocross bikes?
They can be ridden at low relative air pressure, improving ride feel and handling.
167
What is a common cause of flat tires in traditional systems?
A rim pinch occurs when the inner tube is pinched upon striking an object.
168
What is one disadvantage of tubeless tire systems?
There is no practical method to repair a punctured tubeless tire.
169
What should be done during a ride with a damaged tubeless tire?
Install a spare inner tube.
170
What types of punctures are tubeless tires still susceptible to?
* Nails
* Glass
* Thorns
171
What happens during a 'burp' in a tubeless tire?
The tire bead disengages from the rim sidewall, allowing air to escape.
172
What is the Universal System Tubeless (UST)?
The original rim and tubeless design standard with a special butyl liner.
173
What feature do UST rims have regarding nipple holes?
They will have either no nipple holes or completely sealed holes.
174
What is the first step when removing a tubeless tire?
Fully deflate the tire.
175
What type of levers should be used to remove a tubeless tire?
Only plastic levers.
176
What is the purpose of using soapy water when installing tubeless tires?
To lubricate tight fitting beads and help them seat properly.
177
True or False: An air compressor is helpful for tubeless tire installation.
True
178
What is a recommended method to aid in seating the bead during inflation?
Using a long strap or flat inner tube around the tire circumference.
179
Fill in the blank: Tubeless tire systems are more susceptible to _______ than conventional inner tube systems.
air loss
180
What is the procedure for tubeless tire sealant installation?
* Install one tire bead on the wheel
* Hang wheel vertically with valve at either three or nine o'clock position
* Pour sealant into tire at six o'clock position
* Engage second bead while working from bottom upward
* Inflate tire and seat bead
* Spin wheel to distribute fluid
181
What should be done if the tire valve has a removable core?
Inject tire sealants through the valve using a large syringe.
182
What do conversion kits for tubeless systems typically include?
* Heavy-duty tape
* Valve core
* Sealing liquids
183
What is a common issue when using tubeless conversion kits on non-UST rims?
It can be difficult to get a tire successfully mounted.
184
What should be checked before installing a tubeless conversion kit?
Inspect inside the wheel for dents, burrs, and ensure a smooth finish.
185
What should be done to the rim before applying conversion tape?
Clean inside rim well using acetone or alcohol.
186
What happens if a tire does not seat properly during inflation?
Increased rim tape may be needed to help seat the tire.
187
What indicates air seepage in non-UST tire casings?
Bubbles will appear when soapy water is applied to sidewalls.
188
What must be ensured when mounting wheels to a bicycle frame?
Wheels must be properly mounted to prevent misalignment and potential injuries.
189
What can result from misalignment of the bicycle wheel?
Problems with shifting, brake pad alignment, and bike handling.
190
What systems can hold wheels to a bike?
* Quick release system
* Axle nuts
* Thru axle system
191
In open dropout bikes, which direction do the conical springs face?
The small end faces the axle, and the large end faces outward.
192
What is the purpose of the conically shaped springs in the quick-release shaft?
They make the wheel easier to install.
193
What should be done if one or both springs become twisted or damaged?
They can be removed.
194
What is important to check before each ride regarding the quick-release skewer?
The skewer must be fully and consistently tightened.
195
How should the lever of a quick-release skewer be oriented for most brands?
Parallel to the hub axle, halfway through its swing from fully open to fully closed.
196
What should be done if the quick-release skewer lever does not meet resistance?
Double-check skewer adjusting nuts and the pressure on the lever.
197
What is the first step in the procedure for wheel installation in open-dropout forks?
Open brake quick-release mechanism for rim caliper brakes only.
198
What should be done after installing the wheel between dropouts?
Pull hub up fully into the dropout.
199
What is necessary to ensure when adjusting the closing tension of the quick-release skewer?
The wheel should be centered between fork blades or rear stays.
200
What must be checked if the wheel fails to adequately center in the frame?
Either the frame or wheel may be misaligned.
201
What should be done if the bike uses a hydraulic brake and the wheel is out?
Avoid squeezing the lever, as it will close the pistons and brake pads.
202
What is the difference in wheel installation for thru axle designs compared to open dropout style?
The connecting pin, the thru axle, is left out of the wheel during installation.
203
What is the purpose of the recess in closed thru axle dropouts?
To engage and align axle end caps in the fork or frame.
204
What is the function of axle nuts in solid axle types?
To secure the wheel fully and double-check alignment.
205
What symptom indicates a new tube that won't hold air?
A pinched tube on install.
206
What can cause a newly installed tire to blow up right away?
Possible slice in tire allowing the tube to blow out.
207
What is a common cause for a newly installed tire not spinning straight on the rim?
The tire is not fully seated or has a damaged casing.
208
What should be done if a tubeless tire is not able to inflate?
Check for incompatible tire/rim combinations.
209
What is a potential cause for a newly patched inner tube leaking at the patch?
Improper patching technique, possibly from lack of glue or contaminants.
210
What are ear sprockets?
Gears mounted to the drive wheel of the bike, usually the rear wheel
211
What is the function of sprocket teeth?
Mesh with the chain and drive the wheel and bike forward
212
Why must sprockets be replaced?
They wear with use
213
What systems allow for coasting on multi-speed bikes?
Clutch or ratchet systems
214
What happens to sprockets when the rider stops pedaling?
They spin relative to the hub
215
What is a 'freehub' system?
A ratchet system mounted to the hub body that allows for coasting and locks for driving
216
What do cassette sprockets mate with?
Splines on the outer shell of the freehub body
217
What are common brands that share a common spline pattern?
* Shimano®
* SRAM®
* Microshift®
218
What is a 'freewheel' system?
A self-contained unit of sprockets and ratchet mechanism
219
What tool is used to remove cassette lockrings?
Lockring tool
220
What is the purpose of spacers in a cassette system?
Separate sprockets and maintain spacing
221
What should be noted when removing a cassette regarding spacers?
Orientation of spacers
222
True or False: The lockring tool for Shimano® cassettes is interchangeable with Campagnolo® cassettes.
False
223
What is a common issue with older bikes regarding sprocket systems?
They often use a freewheel system
224
Fill in the blank: A simple test to determine if sprockets are a freewheel or cassette system involves inspecting the _______.
Tool fitting as sprockets rotate backward
225
What happens to the lockring during cassette sprocket installation?
It is threaded into the freehub body
226
What is the difference between Shimano® 12-speed system and traditional systems?
Proprietary design with a smaller diameter thread fitting
227
What does SRAM® XD™ and XDR™ use for its cassettes?
Integrated lockring in the cassette body
228
What is the first step to remove a freewheel?
Mount bike in a repair stand and remove rear wheel
229
What should be applied to the threads of a freewheel during installation?
Grease or anti-seize
230
Fill in the blank: The inner body of a freewheel has internal threads that secure to external mount threads of the _______.
Compatible hub
231
What is the purpose of using a chain whip tool during freewheel installation?
To fully seat freewheel against hub
232
What type of bikes typically use a freehub system?
Most modern derailleur bicycles
233
What does the term 'cassette stack' refer to?
The group of cassette sprockets
234
What is a characteristic feature of the freewheel system?
It allows for coasting while rotating freely counterclockwise
235
What is a common tool used to hold sprockets from rotating during lockring removal?
Chain whip tool
236
What should be done if a freewheel appears off-center during installation?
Remove and realign
237
What is a key consideration when checking rear derailleur settings after installing a new freewheel?
Ensure the freewheel is fully seated
238
What is the first step in threading a freewheel onto a hub?
Begin threading freewheel clockwise by hand until freewheel feels fully threaded.
239
What tool is used to fully seat a freewheel against the hub?
Chain whip tool.
240
Why is it important to fully seat the freewheel?
To accurately adjust rear derailleur settings.
241
What should be checked if a new freewheel or new wheel is installed?
Rear derailleur limit screw settings and indexing.
242
True or False: Individual replacement sprockets for freewheels are available.
False.
243
What is the procedure for single-speed rear hubs with screw-on freewheels?
Use the same procedures as multiple cog freewheel removal and installation.
244
What type of lockring may be found on cassette system single-speeds?
Notched lockring or a lockring with flats.
245
What indicates a worn cog during inspection?
A polished backside of the sprocket.
246
What is the best test for a worn cog?
Ride it with a new or unworn chain.
247
Commonly, which sprockets tend to wear out first?
15 to 18-tooth sprockets.
248
What happens to rear sprockets on one-speed bikes as they wear?
They begin to make excessive noise and become less efficient.
249
What should be avoided when cleaning the drivetrain?
Getting solvent into bearings of the freewheel/freehub or bottom bracket.
250
How should lubrication be applied to freehub or freewheel internals?
Lubrication should be dripped in; grease is not recommended.
251
What is the consequence of rough spinning after cleaning a freehub/freewheel?
The bearing surfaces are worn out, and the unit should be replaced.
252
What tool can be used to clean debris between sprockets?
Park Tool GSC-1 GearClean™ Brush.
253
What is a fixed gear sprocket?
A single-speed sprocket that is locked to the hub shell.
254
What is the threading of fixed gear cog compared to common threaded freewheels?
Same pitch and diameter.
255
What is unique about the lockring of a fixed gear hub?
It is slightly smaller than the cog and is left-hand threaded.
256
What widths do fixed gear sprockets come in?
½ inch and ¾ inch widths.
257
What should be done to the threads of both the cog and lockring before installation?
Grease the threads.
258
What symptom occurs when a newly installed cassette skips gears with an old chain?
Old chain not properly engaging on new sprockets
## Footnote
This indicates compatibility issues between the chain and the new cassette.
259
What causes rattling at the back of the bike with cassette hubs when riding over bumps?
The sprockets are loose on freehub body
## Footnote
Loose components can lead to noise and instability.
260
What is a common characteristic of many modern sprockets?
Purposely shaped and vary in height to aid in shifting performance
## Footnote
This design enhances gear transitions and overall cycling efficiency.
261
What may indicate an incompatible cassette or a thin spacer missing behind the cassette stack?
Some teeth of cassette appear broken or misshapen
## Footnote
Proper installation is crucial for optimal performance.
262
What happens when sprockets have pressed into the splines of the freehub?
Created notches
## Footnote
This can hinder the removal process of the sprockets.
263
What causes slight oscillation from the bearing system during coasting?
Hub adjustment is too tight causing binding in freehub with cup-and-cone hub designs
## Footnote
Proper adjustment is essential for smooth operation.
264
What is the solution when the freehub body or freewheel body may be internally dirty and binding?
Overhaul hub and clean freehub bearings, then relubricate and assemble
## Footnote
Regular maintenance can prevent binding issues.
265
What should you do to fix a loose cassette?
Remove wheel and fully tighten lockring
## Footnote
Ensuring the lockring is secure is crucial for stability.
266
What is the first step to take when a broken tooth is identified on a sprocket?
A broken tooth will be uneven and jagged.
## Footnote
If teeth are only shorter, it is by design.
267
How can you free a stuck sprocket from a notch?
Using one chain whip, hold a larger cog clockwise while using a second chain whip to hold and rotate the smallest cog counter-clockwise to free it from notch
## Footnote
This technique helps in removing stubborn sprockets.
268
What indicates that coasting oscillation is considered normal?
If during pedaling there is no wobble
## Footnote
Stability during pedaling is key to identifying normal operation.
269
What is a symptom of a newly installed tube?
A new tube in and it won't hold air
## Footnote
Indicates potential installation or material issues.
270
What happens when a newly installed tire blows up right away?
Possible slice in tire allowing the tube to blow out
## Footnote
This can indicate a defect in the tire or improper installation.
271
What is indicated if a newly installed tire does not spin straight on the rim?
The tire is not fully seated
## Footnote
This may also involve damaged tire casing in sidewalls.
272
What is a common issue with tubeless tires?
Tubeless tire not able to inflate
## Footnote
This can be due to tire bead not seating well to the rim.
273
What is a symptom of a newly installed inner tube that flats again in one day?
Cause of flat tire still imbedded inside tire casing
## Footnote
This suggests that the initial cause of the flat was not addressed.
274
What does a newly patched inner tube leaking at the patch indicate?
Improper patching technique, possibly from lack of glue or contaminants
## Footnote
Proper cleaning and preparation are critical for effective patching.
275
What should you do if you pinched the tube on install?
Get a new tube and install carefully, extra care is needed when using levers to reinstall
## Footnote
Use of levers should be minimized to prevent damage.
276
What is the solution if the tire bead is not seating well to the rim?
Deflate tire, use soapy water to lubricate bead and reinflate
## Footnote
This can help the bead seat properly.
277
What should be checked if the tire is properly seated but still defective?
Check for incompatible tire/rim combinations
## Footnote
Using incompatible components can lead to failure.
278
What is a recommended solution for a damaged inner tube?
Remove tire, inspect inside, and replace inner tube
## Footnote
This ensures that any hidden damage is addressed.
279
What is often the best solution when dealing with a leaking patch on a tube?
Remove tube and attempt to remove and replace patch
## Footnote
This is difficult, and tube replacement is often the best solution.
280
What are hubs in bicycle mechanics?
Hubs are mechanisms at the center of wheels that allow the rim, spokes, and tires to rotate in the frame.
281
What components do hubs consist of?
* Axle assembly
* Bearing system
* Hub shell
282
What is the purpose of the bearing system in hubs?
The bearing system allows smooth rotation and requires servicing for wear from use and exposure to moisture and dirt.
283
What happens if a hub is improperly adjusted?
An improperly adjusted hub greatly accelerates wear on the bearings.
284
What is the function of the hub axle?
The hub axle is fixed to the fork or frame, while the hub shell rotates with the rim, spokes, and tires around the axle.
285
What type of bicycles use multiple rear sprockets affixed to the rear hub?
Derailleur bicycles.
286
What additional component does a hub hold in disc brake bikes?
The disc rotor used for braking.
287
What design feature do bikes with 'open dropouts' have?
Fork and frame ends with a U-shaped open slot to accept compatible hubs.
288
What is the diameter of axle ends accepted by front and rear wheel dropouts?
* Front wheel: 9mm diameter
* Rear wheel: 10mm diameter
289
What is the typical width alignment for a hub and frame or fork?
The inside width of frame or fork should match hub width by 1-2mm.
290
What are the common diameters for fork thru axle designs?
* 12mm
* 15mm
* 20mm
291
How is hub width for open dropout hubs measured?
It is measured where the face of each axle locknut contacts the frame or fork dropout.
292
What do 'closed dropouts' accept?
A connecting shaft called the 'thru axle'.
293
What is the procedure for changing hub over-locknut widths?
Some rear hub designs allow manipulation by installing a new axle of a different length and adjusting spacers.
294
What are adjustable cup-and-cone hubs?
Hubs that use cone-shaped races threaded onto an axle with ball bearings trapped between the cones and cups.
295
What is the purpose of the cone in adjustable-type hubs?
The cone can be adjusted tighter or looser to the ball bearings during hub adjustment.
296
What should be used to service hub cones?
A special thin spanner called a cone wrench.
297
What is the common wrench flat size for front hubs?
* 13mm
* 14mm
* Occasionally 15mm
298
What is the common wrench flat size for rear hubs?
* 15mm
* 17mm
299
What is the first step in the hub disassembly procedure?
Remove rear sprockets.
300
What should be done before disassembling a hub?
Take notes or pictures of parts orientation.
301
What should be done after loosening a locknut during hub disassembly?
Remove locknut and washers, and organize parts for reassembly.
302
What should be inspected during hub parts inspection?
* Hub cups and cones for pitting or damage
* Ball bearings for brightness
* Axle for straightness
303
What is the goal of hub bearing adjustment?
To have the bearings rotate freely without any knocking or play.
304
What must be checked for bearing play during hub adjustment?
Pull the rim side-to-side to check for play.
305
What is the recommended action if no play is present after checking bearing adjustment?
Remove the wheel and check for play out of the bike.
306
What is the consequence of overly tight hub bearing adjustment?
It will cause too much pressure on the balls and bearing surfaces, leading to rapid wear.
307
What is the consequence of overly loose hub bearing adjustment?
It will cause play in the wheel, leading to premature wear.
308
What is a common issue with adjusting threaded quick-release hubs?
The axle and threads flex slightly when pressure is applied, affecting the bearing adjustment.
309
What is the first step in adjusting the hub?
With wheel mounted in the bike, pull rim side-to-side to check for bearing play.
310
What should be done if there is no play present when the wheel is mounted?
Remove and again check for play out of the bike.
311
How do you test bearing adjustment when the hub is outside the bike?
Pull up and down on axle and feel for play or knocking.
312
What indicates that the adjustment is adequate?
No play in the hub when mounted in the bike and play present when outside.
313
What does it mean if there is no play in the axle when the hub is outside the bike?
The adjustment is too tight.
314
What should be removed before adjusting the hub?
Remove quick-release skewer and springs.
315
What tool is used to hold the left-side cone during adjustment?
Cone wrench.
316
What direction should the cone be loosened during adjustment?
Counter clockwise.
317
How much should the cone be loosened during adjustment?
A small amount (1/2 turn).
318
What should be done if the hub feels very tight outside of the bike?
Loosen ¼ turn to create play.
319
What should be checked after reinstalling the wheel into the frame/fork?
Test bearing adjustment by pulling side-to-side, checking for knocking.
320
What indicates that play is felt during the bearing adjustment test?
Play will resonate through frame or fork.
321
What should be done if play is felt during the test?
Remove wheel and skewer, then repeat adjustment steps.
322
What may indicate worn-out bearing surfaces?
If an adjustment cannot be found to allow smooth rotation of the axle.
323
What might cause play to not disappear until the adjustment is very tight?
A locknut may not be tight against the cone.
324
What is the best option if bearing cups inside the hub shell have come loose?
Hub or wheel replacement.
325
Fill in the blank: The wheel must be installed with the same quick-release pressure used when checking _______.
bearing play.
326
What is the purpose of an oversized axle in bicycle hubs?
Provides a stronger and stiffer connection between front and rear dropouts
327
What type of end caps do Campagnolo® oversized hubs use?
Unthreaded cones locked in place by a sliding compression ring and a lockring with a pinch bolt
328
How are Shimano® oversized hubs adjusted?
Uses threaded end caps as the locknut, removed with hex wrenches
329
What design do Campagnolo® and Shimano® hubs utilize?
Cup-and-cone design
330
True or False: The adjustment for solid axle hubs changes when mounted on the bike.
False
331
What is the goal when adjusting solid axle hub bearings?
Find the loosest adjustment that has no play
332
What mechanism does a freehub contain?
A ratcheting mechanism to allow cassette freewheeling
333
What should be done if a freehub problem is not solved by cleaning and relubrication?
Replace the freehub as a complete unit
334
What type of bearings do cartridge-type hubs typically use?
Non-serviceable rolling element bearings
335
What can happen to cartridge bearings with use?
They will wear and eventually develop play
336
What is a common issue with the seals of cartridge bearings?
Seals can be penetrated by water and dirt
337
What are the two basic designs of cartridge hubs?
* Straight axles
* Sleeved axles
338
What should be done before removing bearings from a hub?
Inspect for any C-clips and remove them
339
How should bearings typically be removed from a hub shell?
Using a punch and hammer from the backside of the bearing
340
What type of tools may be required for some hub models?
Proprietary and specialty tools
341
What is the purpose of using a specialty pressing tool for cartridge bearings?
To install bearings with an interference fit
342
What is a key step during the assembly of cartridge bearings?
Grease any pressed surfaces to assist pressing
343
What should be checked before reinstalling end caps?
Lubricate inside end caps and check disassembly notes for asymmetry
344
What type of grease is recommended for freehub pawls or ratchets?
Lighter viscosity grease such as HPG-1
345
What should be done if pawls do not engage during freehub installation?
Use a seal pick to push each pawl while rotating
346
Fill in the blank: Shimano® uses _______ end caps as the locknut.
Threaded
347
Fill in the blank: Cartridge bearings are also known as _______.
Cartridge bearings
348
What happens to cartridge bearings when they deteriorate?
They will only get worse and need to be replaced
349
True or False: Cartridge bearings can be regreased and reused.
False
350
What is the recommended first step when servicing rear hubs?
Remove the cassette
351
What symptom indicates that the wheel moves laterally back and forth at the rim?
Could be loose adjustment at the hub and needs bearing adjustment tightened, or a loose skewer or thru axle which needs tightening
352
What happens when the wheel spins slowly without brake rub?
Hub adjustment is too tight and needs to be loosened
353
What symptom is described when a wheel turns roughly and/or a rumbling is felt or heard at the frame/fork?
Bearings badly worn and need to be replaced
354
What is a potential cause for cartridge bearings wearing out quickly?
Overly tight preload adjustment
## Footnote
Each of these causes can contribute to premature wear of cartridge bearings.
355
What should be done to resolve a loose adjustment at the hub?
Tighten bearing adjustment
## Footnote
Ensuring the correct tension on the bearings can prevent further issues.
356
How should a loose skewer or thru axle adjustment be corrected?
Correctly tighten skewer or thru axle
## Footnote
Proper tightening is essential for wheel stability.
357
What is the solution for a hub adjustment that is too tight?
Loosen adjustment
## Footnote
Loosening the adjustment can help restore proper wheel function.
358
What action should be taken if bearings are badly worn?
Replace bearings
## Footnote
Replacing worn bearings can improve performance and prevent further damage.
359
What is the final solution for overly tight preload adjustment?
Replace bearings and adjust preload correctly
## Footnote
Correct preload adjustment is crucial for bearing longevity and performance.
