MTB Flashcards
1
Q
When trying new trails, leave it to the __
A
Early mornings or evenings when there are less people on the trail
2
Q
Before starting or entering a trail, have a __
A
Glance behind you to make sure no one is coming
3
Q
When slowing down or stopping on trails, __; think about
A
Pull off as far as you can so you are not a hazard to other riders; where you are stopping so riders have a clear view off you
4
Q
When riding trails, try to leave a generous
A
Amount of space between you and the riders in front
5
Q
To pass, __
Blue and easier trails, _ have the right of way
Black and above __have the right of way
A
Politely let the rider in front know your intentions and wait for them to pull over
Slower riders
Faster riders
6
Q
__ causes trail deterioration. Don’t do it.
A
Skidding
7
Q
Point out: 1 handlebar, controls, grips 2 head tube 3 stem 4 suspension fork 5 down tube 6 top tube 7 seat tube 8 crank arm 9 chain rings 10 seat post 11 saddle 12 seat stay 13 chain stay 14 rear derailleur 15 cassette 16 brake rotor 17 spoke nipple 18 spoke 19 rim 20 tire 21 pedal 22 front derailleur 23 lower swing arm 24 upper swing arm 25 rear pivot 26 swing link 27 shock
A
1 handlebar, controls, grips 2 head tube 3 stem 4 suspension fork 5 down tube 6 top tube 7 seat tube 8 crank arm 9 chain rings 10 seat post 11 saddle 12 seat stay 13 chain stay 14 rear derailleur 15 cassette 16 brake rotor 17 spoke nipple 18 spoke 19 rim 20 tire 21 pedal 22 front derailleur 23 lower swing arm 24 upper swing arm 25 rear pivot 26 swing link 27 shock
8
Q
Point out: 1 steerer 2 crown 3 stanchion 4 arch 5 slider 6 dropout 7 reservoir 8 preload collar 9 coil spring
A
1 steerer 2 crown 3 stanchion 4 arch 5 slider 6 dropout 7 reservoir 8 preload collar 9 coil spring
9
Q
Extended leg is bent about _ at full extension
A
30 degrees
10
Q
Foot is _ or _
A
level; pointed slightly down
11
Q
Front of knee is _ when pedal is at 3 o’clock; otherwise adjust _
A
above end of crank arm; saddle
12
Q
Arms with elbows slightly bent are at _ degrees to torso
A
90
13
Q
Saddle should be _
A
level
14
Q
Most riders should start with their handlebars _ saddle height
A
at or slightly above
15
Q
Brake levers should be positioned: (position, angle, reach)
A
so the index finger rests on the end of the lever; so there is a straight line through forearm, hand, lever when braking hard; so the first knuckle of the index finger is on the end of the lever
16
Q
Name important regular maintenance:
A
keep it clean using hot water and soap; use a different brush or rag for chainrings and cassette
check all fasteners and bolts (suspension’s pivot bolts)
lube the chain and wipe off extra
maintain proper tire pressure: 20s (26-28 front, 30 rear) for tubeless, 30-40 for inner tubes
replace worn out parts like tires, brake pads, grips, chains, chainrings, cassettes, and cleats
17
Q
If a rider’s seat interferes with good form, you should _
A
lower the seat until proper movement and form is a habit
18
Q
From head down, recite the attack position
A
Head, eyes and ears up, out and attentive Shoulders low with blades down and back Elbows out, bent and moving with terrain Hands light and wrists straight Torso level and straight Hips back and powerful Knees bent and moving with terrain Feet heavy and driving into pedals
19
Q
Keep feet _ with cranks
A
parallel
20
Q
Problem: arms are getting tired and eyes are rattling in your head at every bump
A
too far forward. shift hips back until your palms stop pressing on the bars and your hands are weightless
21
Q
Problem: when hit water bars or obstacles at speed, downhill, you feel the back end kick up to buck you over
A
you’re too far back. shift hips forward until fingers stop pulling on the bars and hands are weightless
22
Q
Problem: shoulders and triceps get tired when climbing
A
you’re slumping and putting too much weight on your bars. sit up straighter and put more pressure into the pedals
23
Q
Problem: on steep, seated climbs, your front tire wanders around like a balloon on a windy day
A
your weight is too far back. crouch low and pull yourself forward until the front tire starts to track
24
Q
Problem: you struggle for balance, you find yourself swinging your bars back and forth or waving knees all over to make a turn or get over an outcropping
A
relax and look as far ahead as possible; maybe speed up a little
25
Stand on your _, use your _ only for loose control, use your _ only for rest and control
pedals, handlebars, saddle
26
Rolling:
place left hand on ground, right arm tuck under left, right ear tucked to but not touching ground, chin to chest, left leg lifts up, and rolls along side of shoulder and back muscles without head touching
27
What is the cadence I should aim for?
80-90 rpm
28
Describe the ankle when pedaling
heel down across the top and driving down, toe down across the bottom and coming up, about 20 degrees rotation
29
Describe a pedal rotation
forget about up, just focus on opposite downstroke, then focus on dropping heel and engaging pedal across the top and drive downward with heel then focus on other foot while slightly pulling back lower foot
30
Problem: rear tire skids
you are too far forward; squeeze brakes slowly; heavy feet light hands
31
Problem: front tire skids
weight might be too far back; shift forward until weightless hands; ease off brakes
32
Problem: on rough terrain your front wheel gets stuck and pitches you forward
use brakes in smooth sections but do not use them while front wheel rolls over the rough parts
33
Problem: going downhill, knuckles ache and backs of forearms burn
adjust brake levers closer to grips so don't have to reach so far
34
Problem: you can't stop self from braking in a downhill turn
before reaching turn, slow way down so much you have no fear of speed. take a late apex line. lean bike as much as you can to get turning done quickly, then coast out
35
Problem: you can't stop self from braking in a rocky rooty section
slow way down before section so not afraid of speed then DO NOT brake, pump bumps
36
Problem: you drag the brakes at half power slowing down slowly
before reaching a turn, slow way down so no fear of speed and take late apex line, leaning bike as much as can and coast out of turn
37
Problem: you are always grabbing brakes for no reason
learn to brake very hard in shortest distance and instead focus on pumping trail
38
Problem: you are struggling on the climbs
watch form, open upper body, lighten hands, spin smooth fast circles
39
What is the position for best braking?
Get back. Rotate feet and cranks back. Keep weight perpendicular to crankset.
40
When it's time to go slow, _. Get it done. Get back to riding.
brake hard
41
Brake _ rocks, ledges, turns. Not on them.
before
42
Practice braking _ _ section
once per
43
Drive the braking force _, and keep hands _
into your feet, weightless
44
Only use _ to brake
one finger
45
What 4 points are essential in every turn?
```
low attack position
lean your bike (steering is for trikes)
let your bars do what they want (light hands)
look past the turn
(low, look, lean, turn hips)
```
46
When leaning your bike into a turn:
push your inside grip down by straightening inside arm, drive weight into outside pedal, light hands, lean bike not body, point belly button where you want to go
47
Problem: when you start a turn, you go kind of straight and then turn hard and crash
enter in low attack position, lean bike and let bars turn
48
Problem: you feel yourself falling to the inside of a turn
you're leaning too much for your speed and tightness of turn, lean less or go faster
49
Problem: you blast straight through the turn
lean bike more, slow down, look where you want to go
50
Problem: front wheel washes out
don't lean back so far, weightless hands, shift weight forward
51
Problem: trouble making flat and off-camber turns
lean bike more and weight the outside pedal
52
Problem: in berms you find yourself steering up the banks to stay on course
going too slow. Speed up or ride lower in the berm where it isn't so steep
53
Problem: you freak out whenever your tires break loose
slow down or practice drifting
54
Problem: when you lean bike to the left, your seat hits your thigh and won't lean
stand on right foot and rotate hips toward end of turn giving saddle room to move setting left thigh on seat
55
Problem: when you try to ride linked turns, your whole body goes up and down in and out of turns slowing you down
you are too high and stiff, get low, lean bike by straightening arms, head and torso staying as still as possible
56
Problem: you get bogged down on obstacles like rocks and logs
practice obstacles in isolation, keep tracking forward
57
Problem: you get caught in all the tight corners
follow a straighter line, the less you have to turn the better, get low and lean bike
58
Problem: you slow way down in rough sections where you can't pedal
Pump the terrain
59
Problem: you get tense in certain situations
ride very slowly and strive for smoothness, then increase the speed gradually; think about pumping the terrain
60
The best line on a turn is
start wide, late apex, straight out as soon as possible
61
When turning, aim to feel _. This is a good indicator that you are leaning the bike and not leaning with the bike
the seat touch your inside leg
62
Problem: you feel like you're getting beaten to death on rough terrain
shift weight to feet, loosen grip, relax upper body, look ahead, unload bike in rough situations
63
Problem: on rough terrain, you feel like you're balling up and getting stuck
go faster, unweight bike
64
Problem: when going gets slick and loose you feel like a sick goose
expect your bike to slip
65
Problem: on loose ground, your front wheel digs in and pushes the dirt, sometimes catching it and pitching you forward
do not steer in loose dirt, lean; bring weight backward in attack position
66
Problem: on loose ground, front wheel skims over the surface and refuses to steer
weight is too far back, move forward for neutral hands, or even carefully press down on bars
67
Problem: having trouble holding a line
stay loose and look where want to go with additional momentum
68
Problem: going down rough terrain, bike feels like it won't move around and you get pitched forward or can't lean into turns
spread knees apart to let bike bounce around, lower seat
69
Problem: you get beaten up pedaling over rough terrain
get off saddle, put weight on pedals and let bike react,
70
On flat drop off landings, get your _ wheel down first
rear
71
On downhill drop off landings, get your _ wheel down first
front
72
Problem: You land hard and bottom out your bike.
Make sure suspension is set right. Start drop with your weight as low on the bike as possible, extent limbs to get wheels on ground as soon as possible, and absorb landing with arms and legs
73
Problem: on low-speed drops, you land front wheel first, leading to head first landings
lean back more, get more pop with pedals and accelerate until both wheels leave takeoff at same height
74
Problem: on high-speed drops to downhill landings, you land with rear wheel first and you front wheel slams hard
relax, when leave takeoff, match bike to landing, touching front wheel first
75
Problem: when you lift front wheel, it only pops up for an instant
sharply push weight backward and pull on bars with straight arms. Don't lift front with arms but with body mass moving back
76
Problem: rear wheel seems stuck to ground
Load and unload pedals very sharply, in time with suspension
77
Problem: when bunny hopping, rear wheel doesn't go as high as front
master basic rear-wheel lift. push pull bars and load unload pedals. work on explosive power.
78
Rough proper bike fit
Saddle parallel to ground
Pedal crank at ball of foot
30-35 degree at knee when in 6 o’clock position for saddle height
Knee over ball of foot when at 3 o’clock position for saddle forward and back position
Handlebar height so not leaning on or pulling
79
What are four areas you need to focus on in training?
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Flexibility
Off season resistance
80
Which is more efficient: pedaling seated at higher cadence or pedaling standing at lower cadence
First
81
What should tapering for a race look like?
Slightly decrease overall volume seven days prior to the event as well as reduce training intensity and the number of high intensity days. The two days before the race should be very easy training days, nothing hard or long.
82
Research strongly supports the use of ___ for improving human performance during endurance sports.
Caffeine
83
What is the proper use of caffeine before an activity?
Caffeine ingestion equivalent to 2.5 cups of coffee has been found to be sufficient to improve performance. Caffeine peaks in the system around one hour after ingestion. Those who ingest caffeine on a regular basis should seize caffeine seven days prior to competition to optimize the effects.
84
What are three things to check if getting hand numbness?
Front shock
Good padded gloves
Bike fit so relatively weightless on handlebars
85
What should you check if getting groin numbness?
Saddle is horizontal
Better pair of shorts and chamois
Different saddle
86
How should you contact your bike?
Heavy feet, light hands, attack position
87
When you stand on your pedals, your weight runs through your bottom bracket and spreads about ___ to the front and rear wheels?
45/55
88
How do you optimize traction when braking?
Shifting your weight back
| Loading your tires as you brake
89
In a consistent turn with good traction, how should you hit the corner?
Middle apex, enter from the outside with fast speed, carve in right at the middle, exit wide moderate
90
In almost every turn, what is the fastest safest way to take it?
Lean bike more than body
91
On turns, where should your pedals be?
Outside pedal down for long turns, flat and off camber turns, when you need to set a hard edge
Pedals level for short quick turns, rough ground that might catch a pedal
92
Describe turning
Low
Look
Lean
Turn
Low attack position
Look through the exit
Lean the bike, pushing down
Turn hips first: point belly button where you want to go
93
What’s two of the most important things to remember about turning?
Weight the outside tire
| Don’t turn the handlebars but push down, leaning the bike under you
94
On a drop, keep your __ up until your __ takes off
Front end
| Rear end
95
On flat landings, get your __ down first. On downhill landings, get your __ down first.
Rear wheel
| Front wheel
96
Keep __ ahead; never lock __ on anything
Scanning
| Your eyes
97
Quick bike fit
Sit on the saddle and drop one crank down until it’s precisely vertical
Put your heel on the pedal. Adjust the saddle height so your leg is straight
Go for a test ride. Ensure there’s a slight bend in your knees when riding with your foot in the normal position.
98
Good starting point for psi
Tubed 30
| Tubeless 25
99
Quick suspension setting
Roll around and hop and bounce on pedals. Rubber ring or zip tie should show 75-90% compression. Sitting should show 25%.
100
Why might a trail head tip trap be bad?
The average rider isnt a coach
The info given isnt complete
The tip is misinterpreted
Assumption that you are at a higher level than you are
101
What is the reality of learning a new skill?
It often takes longer than you imagine.
Your muscles and timing take time to develop.
Frustration, risk and fear all need to be acknowledged and managed.
102
What do you do when a friend says follow me and just do what I do?
Ask to stop and watch at the tricky sections so you know what to practice for next time.
103
When riding a steep slope, what is the best body positioning?
Depends on your speed, length of slope, and traction.
104
How far you need to look ahead depends on _
skill level, trail type, and speed.
105
How far should you drop your outside foot when cornering?
It depends on the type of corner.
106
What is the best body position for attacking a trail?
There is no best position, the trail and features demand an ever changing positioning.
107
What’s the main reason for riding better after buying a new bike, even if you're unaware of it?
Expectations and visualizations (from dreaming about the bike).
108
Do you have to crash in order to learn new skills?
No, but if a crash occurs it’s a valuable learning opportunity.
109
When should you think about using your dropper post?
Anytime you're standing and coasting, as this usually means it's time for action and creative fun.
When you're coming to a stop and will need to put a foot down.
Where there's a chance the bike will stall and you'll have to put a foot down
110
Never coerce a student rider into
Doing something they dont feel ready to do
111
Your riding ability relies on what three (four) things?
Skills
Fitness
Confidence
(Equipment)
112
Tire pressure should range from about what for inner tubes and as low as what for tubeless?
30-40 psi
| 25 psi
113
Which tire gets the most traction and so which brake should you squeeze harder?
Front
114
Important shifting keys to remember:
- shift __ you need to
- do not shift when __. You need to be __
- lighten the pressure on __ while shifting
- do not __ chain
- use the __ gear
```
Before
Coasting; pedaling
Your pedals
Cross
Right
```
115
In sand, never __ or you will slide your back and around.
Stop pedaling 
116
When you encounter roots at an angle, try to __ your front wheel and __ back wheel as much as possible
Pop over
| Lighten
117
When you are climbing in mud, __ to keep as much weight as possible on the rear tire. As soon as you __, you’ll lose traction and momentum.
Stay in the saddle
| Stand
118
The way to spell care is
TIME
119
Coach’s job:
To take you somewhere you want to go but you can’t get there yourself
120
The goal is not to just make your athletes tired, but to make them ___ and get them ready for the battle called ___
Better
Life
121
The sole purpose of training should be to:
Stretch their limits to get a result that gets someone closer to where they want to go
122
As you are emptying the physical tank with workouts, a great coach is also filling the ___
Emotional tank to keep them focused and motivated
123
Be great at throwing high ___
Fives
124
Coach’s golden rule
You have to be more enthusiastic about someone else than yourself
125
The five most powerful words a coach can say:
I am proud of you
126
The first major ability of a coach is C__
Coachability-learning something new that is right and you do it
127
The second ability of a great coach is A__
Availability
128
__ win games, __ lose them. It’s important to know when to take the __ or accept __
Players
Coaches
Blame
Credit
129
Have __: putting yourself in their shoes
Empathy
130
When coaching, imagine these words on their forehead and never forget them while coaching.
Help me
131
What is the Holy Grail of coaching?
Do ___
Do and say the right thing,
In the right way,
At the right time,
To the right person,
To get the right result.
132
The best way for a coach to become stronger is to ___
Lift someone else up
133
Empathy is about spending __ thinking about where someone is ___. Only then can you help them ___. And the only way to hear that is to ___.
Time
Coming from
Get to where they want to go
Take the time to listen
134
It’s not what a coach gets a person to do when they are with them, but ___ that demonstrates the true influence and skill of that coach.
What they do when they are not with them
135
A coach is a __ for the team. His best teaching skill is __.
Model
By example
136
When modeling correctly, the coach sets the ___ for his athletes.
Values, standards, ad expectations
137
As a coach you have to know __ before you can __
Where you are going
Lead anyone else there
138
To lead someone, you first need your own __. That comes from the intersection of your __ and __.
Direction
Passion and purpose
139
Passion puts you on your __.
Purpose keeps you __ when things get tough.
Authentic path
Moving down the road
140
When you have people following you, you have to get good at getting __. It’s not about __, it’s about __.
Lost in the lives of those people
you, them
141
For you to be a successful coach, you have to worry about making __
Other people successful first
142
Bringing out the best in others requires a coach to __
Listen
143
Once a coach knows what a person wants, he should employ __ to help the person get there, knowing a coach’s best __ is someone else’s best __
Enthusiasm
Motive
Interests
144
The greatest victories will be victories over ___, reducing __ and __ while increasing __ and __
Themselves
Fear
Frustration
Confidence
Courage
145
A coach should spend more time focused on the __ than the __
Small successes
Tiny mistakes
146
If a coach sees something to be proud of, they should __. What gets rewarded will __
Let the athlete know about it immediately
Get repeated
147
A coach should remember to keep training and competing __ and never forget that __ comes first
Fun
Family
148
A coach should remember to keep training __, and never forget that __ comes first
Fun
Family
149
Coaching is not about what you get, it’s about __
What you give back to future generations
150
A coach is ultimately there to improve not just the skills for the sport, but also __
The skills for the game called life
151
A coach has to teach with enthusiasm like ___, but remember to learn, train, love, and improve like __
There is no tomorrow
He is going to live forever
152
G_T_K_ your athletes
Get to know
153
What are some questions you can ask to get to know your athletes?
What do you want me to know right now?
I noticed __. What’s holding you back?
How can I help?
154
A__ your athlete
Affirm
155
What are some things you can say to affirm your athlete?
I’m glad you’re here today.
I am for you.
You matter to this team.
You are more than capable.
156
C__ your athletes
Challenge
157
What can you do to challenge your athletes?
After missing a play, encourage them to get the next one.
Your only competition is you. Be the best athlete you can be.
Have the team set daily personal goals and build ways to monitor progress.
158
In a turn, stay off ___
Your brakes
159
In sand, shift ___, keep front wheel light, stay ___, steer ___ not your handlebars.
Your weight back
Relaxed
With your body
160
At its core, mentor leadership is about building __ into the lives of others, modeling and teaching __ and __, and creating a constructive __ to be passed along to future generations of leaders.
Character
Attitudes, behaviors
Legacy
161
Mentor leadership is primarily concerned with building and adding __ to the lives of people in the process.
Value
162
__ are ultimately what matter, with __ and with __
Relationships
God
Other people
163
The key to becoming a mentor leader is __
Learning how to put other people first
164
The question that burns on the heart of a mentor leader is
What can I do to make other people better, to make them all that God created them to be?
165
Instead of asking how I can lead my team to success, ask __
how do others around me flourish as a result of my leadership? How does my involvement in their lives have a positive and lasting influence?
166
Transformational coaches are __-__
Other-centered
167
A transformational coach is dedicated to __ and __, viewing sports as a __ and __ discipline.
Self understanding
Empathy
Virtuous
Virtue giving
168
A transformational coach is dedicated to __ and __, viewing sports as a __ and __ discipline.
Self understanding
Empathy
Virtuous
Virtue giving
169
Primary coaching model DIG
Dignity
Integrity
Grace
170
Sports are meant to be __ regardless of the score. Sports are a __ , an __ to play.
Enjoyed
Gift
Honor
171
Transformational coaching is the most direct and powerful way to __ and convey __ and __ to young people
Connect
Empathy
Guidance
172
Coaching is all about r__.
Transformational coaching occurs only when people __ in you and choose to follow you because they know that you __ in them to.
Relationships
Believe
Believe
173
Fully dropping the outside foot in a corner is only used in __. However, a __ drop is still useful on most of the rest.
High speed smooth corners.
Slight
174
Why do I coach?
I coach to help children become young men and women of empathy and integrity, who will lead, be responsible, and change the world for good.
175
More ___ equals more __
Reaching
Learning
176
To learn something most effectively, practice it __ with __ between
3 times
10 minute break
177
Practice R.E.P.S.
R- reaching and repeating
E- emotional engagement
P- purposeful and practical
S- strong speedy feedback
178
Ask __ and __, a lot. Then, don't swing for the fences, but make one good __ stick.
questions, listen
point
179
What are the main categories of mountain biking?
Cross Country (XC), All Mountain/Trail, Enduro, Downhill, Gravel Cyclocross (CX), Bike Park/Freeride
180
What type of trails does Cross Country (XC) riding typically involve?
Easier trails, singletrack, fire road trails
181
True or False: All Mountain riding is suitable for complete beginners.
False
182
What is the primary characteristic of Enduro riding?
Combination of All Mountain and Downhill, involves steep technical terrain and climbing
183
How do riders typically access downhill trails?
By taking a shuttle to the top of the mountain
184
Fill in the blank: Gravel and _______ riding combine aspects of road bikes and mountain bikes.
Cyclocross (CX)
185
What are bike parks known for?
Fast trails with jumps, drops, rock gardens, obstacles
186
What is Freeriding?
Riding similar to bike parks but in wilderness areas with jumps
187
How many basic trail ratings are commonly used in mountain biking?
Four or five
188
What does a green trail rating indicate?
Easiest trails, suitable for beginners
189
What does a blue trail rating signify?
Intermediate trails for riders with decent experience
190
What should a rider do when encountering a black diamond trail for the first time?
Take time to assess the trail and its challenges
191
What does a double black diamond trail rating suggest?
Advanced skills required, may have larger jumps and steep terrain
192
What is the risk associated with red/orange rated trails?
High chance of encountering challenges beyond skill level
193
True or False: Trail ratings are universally agreed upon by all riders.
False
194
What advantage do experienced bikers have when starting mountain biking?
Easier adaptation to different riding styles and terrains
195
What is a common trend in mountain bike design?
Bikes that are good at multiple types of riding
196
What are the two types of suspension found in cross country bikes?
Full suspension and hardtail
## Footnote
Full suspension includes a suspension fork in the front and a shock in the rear, while hardtails only have a suspension fork.
197
How does the weight of a bike affect climbing ability?
The more the bike weighs, the harder it is to pedal up a hill
## Footnote
This principle applies to the rider's weight as well.
198
What materials are commonly used for frames of cross country bikes?
Aluminum and carbon fiber
## Footnote
Both materials offer different advantages in terms of weight and performance.
199
What is the significance of the head tube angle in cross country bikes?
It affects climbing and downhill capabilities
## Footnote
Steeper head tube angles favor climbing, while slacker angles are better for downhill.
200
What is the typical travel range for suspension on cross country bikes?
100-130mm
## Footnote
This range is for both front and rear suspension.
201
What type of tires are commonly used on cross country bikes?
Narrower tires with widths around 1.9-2.25"
## Footnote
These tires help with weight and rolling resistance.
202
What characteristics define trail bikes compared to cross country bikes?
Heavier, more aggressive setup, sturdier components
## Footnote
Trail bikes are versatile and designed to handle more difficult terrain.
203
What is the typical handlebar width for trail bikes?
760-800mm
## Footnote
Wider handlebars help maintain control.
204
What is the typical suspension travel for trail bikes?
140-160mm
## Footnote
This allows for better handling of rough terrain.
205
What distinguishes Enduro bikes from trail bikes?
More aggressive head tube angle and longer suspension travel
## Footnote
Enduro bikes typically have 150-170mm of suspension travel.
206
What types of frames can Enduro bikes have?
Aluminum and carbon fiber
## Footnote
Similar to other mountain bike types.
207
True or False: The line between trail bikes and Enduro bikes is becoming clearer.
False
## Footnote
The line between trail bikes and Enduro bikes is beginning to blur.
208
Fill in the blank: Trail bikes typically use wider, knobbier tires for better _______ over loose and rocky terrain.
handling
## Footnote
These tires improve control in challenging conditions.
209
What type of terrain are downhill bikes most commonly used for?
Most difficult trails rated as black diamond or higher
## Footnote
Downhill bikes are also used for downhill racing events.
210
What is the typical travel range for the front suspension of downhill bikes?
180-200mm
## Footnote
They often feature huge dual crown forks.
211
What type of shocks are commonly used in the rear suspension of downhill bikes?
Coil sprung shocks
## Footnote
This is in contrast to air sprung shocks typically found on other bikes.
212
What is the typical tire width range for downhill bikes?
2.6-2.8 inches
## Footnote
Wider tires provide greater control on difficult terrain.
213
What is a primary challenge of riding downhill bikes uphill?
Difficult to ride uphill due to gearing and suspension
## Footnote
Downhill bikes have fewer gears and cannot lock out the suspension.
214
What is the width range of tires used on fat tire bikes?
3.8 to 5 inches
## Footnote
The wide tires allow for lower air pressure.
215
What surfaces are fat tire bikes commonly used on?
Sand or snow
## Footnote
They float over these surfaces rather than sink.
216
What are the common configurations for fat tire bike suspension?
No suspension (rigid), full suspension, and hardtail
## Footnote
Many prefer no suspension since the tires act as shock absorbers.
217
True or False: Fat tire bikes are frequently seen on trails.
False
## Footnote
They are often considered more of a novelty unless used in appropriate environments.
218
How do fat tire bikes function as shock absorbers?
By allowing lower air pressure in wider tires
## Footnote
This helps cushion the ride.
219
What are e-bikes?
E-bikes are electronic bikes that provide power from an electric motor via a battery stored within the frame.
220
What are the two main types of e-bikes?
The two main types of e-bikes are:
* Pedal assist type
* Throttle type
221
How does pedal assist work?
The battery assists only while you are pedaling, and you can set the level of assistance.
222
What is a typical cutoff speed for e-bikes?
20 mph is a typical cutoff speed for e-bikes.
223
What is a key disadvantage of riding an e-bike when the battery dies?
You have to pedal the bike on your own power, which is more difficult due to the e-bike's weight.
224
What is the weight range of a typical cross country bike compared to an e-bike?
A typical cross country bike weighs 26-30 lbs, while an e-bike can easily weigh over 50 lbs.
225
What are the weight characteristics of lighter e-bike models?
Lighter e-bike models can weigh around 38-40 lbs with a carbon fiber frame.
226
How many power levels do most e-bikes have?
Most e-bikes have at least 3 power levels that can be adjusted on the fly.
227
What is the typical cost range for e-bikes?
E-bikes usually start around $5,000 and can run as much as $15,000.
228
What is the cost of replacement batteries for e-bikes?
Replacement batteries can run you well over $500.
229
Who might benefit from using an e-bike?
E-bikes are beneficial for:
* Beginners in mountain biking
* Older riders
* Individuals recovering from injuries
230
Fill in the blank: E-bikes are becoming more _____ in various areas, including parks.
[accepted]
231
True or False: E-bikes are typically lighter than standard mountain bikes.
False
232
What additional battery option can some e-bike models offer?
Some models offer a range extender battery that can be held in the water bottle cage.
233
How do full power e-bikes differ in feel from lighter models during descents?
Full power models feel like a tank, while lighter models feel like a regular bike.
234
What is the primary use of cyclocross bikes?
Racing or long distance riding on dirt and pavement
## Footnote
Cyclocross bikes are designed for competitive racing and can handle mixed terrain.
235
How do cyclocross bikes compare to gravel bikes?
Cyclocross bikes are lighter and have steeper head tube angles for sharper turning
## Footnote
Cyclocross bikes are more similar to road bikes than gravel bikes.
236
What is another name for gravel bikes?
Adventure bikes
## Footnote
Gravel bikes can be loaded with gear for long rides.
237
What type of handlebars do both cyclocross and gravel bikes generally have?
Road bike-style handlebars
## Footnote
These handlebars are designed for comfort and control on varied terrain.
238
What size wheels do gravel and cyclocross bikes typically use?
29 inch wheels
## Footnote
These wheels are paired with skinny tires that have a slightly knobby tread pattern.
239
What is a key characteristic of the tires on gravel and cyclocross bikes?
They are skinnier than mountain bike tires but not as skinny as road bike tires
## Footnote
The tread pattern allows for decent handling on dirt while maintaining performance on roads.
240
What is the main purpose of dirt jumper bikes?
Designed for taking jumps and riding pump tracks
## Footnote
They are a hybrid between mountain bikes and BMX bikes.
241
What type of suspension do most dirt jumpers have?
Hardtails
## Footnote
The rear suspension is often removed to prevent energy absorption during jumps.
242
Why is the seat on a dirt jumper positioned lower?
To keep it out of the way while riding
## Footnote
Riders typically stand while riding dirt jumpers.
243
What is a common feature of a dirt jumper's frame?
Smaller, shorter frame and shorter wheelbase
## Footnote
These design elements enhance maneuverability.
244
What is the difference between a dirt jumper and a slopestyle bike?
Slopestyle bikes have a rear shock for absorbing impacts from larger jumps
## Footnote
This feature helps with shock absorption on difficult terrain.
245
Which types of bikes are most commonly used on trails?
Cross country and trail bikes
## Footnote
These bikes are versatile and suited for a variety of trails.
246
True or False: Dirt jumpers typically have more gears than mountain bikes.
False
## Footnote
Dirt jumpers have fewer gears because they are not designed for climbing.
247
What was the only wheel size available in the past?
26 inches
248
What is the most popular wheel size for mountain biking today?
29 inches
249
What are the advantages of 29 inch wheels?
* Roll over obstacles smoother
* Better traction
* More efficient acceleration
250
What is the compromise wheel size between 26 and 29 inches?
27.5 inches
251
What type of bikes commonly use 27.5 inch wheels?
* Enduro bikes
* Downhill bikes
252
What is a 'mullet setup' in mountain biking?
A bike setup with a 29 inch wheel in front and a 27 inch wheel in the rear
253
What is a significant consideration for shorter individuals when choosing wheel size?
They might want to stick with a 27.5 inch bike
254
What are the two materials commonly used for bike wheels?
* Aluminum
* Carbon fiber
255
Which type of wheel is generally lighter and stiffer?
Carbon fiber wheels
256
What is the typical cost range for a nice set of carbon wheels?
$1,200 and up
257
What is the typical cost range for a nice set of aluminum wheels?
$600 and up
258
True or False: Aluminum wheels are stronger than carbon wheels.
False
259
What can carbon wheels do that aluminum wheels cannot?
They cannot be bent like aluminum wheels
260
What are the two materials available for bike frames?
* Aluminum
* Carbon fiber
261
What are the advantages of carbon fiber frames?
* Lighter
* Stiffer
* More expensive
262
How have advancements in manufacturing affected carbon fiber frames?
They are now available at different price levels
263
What do higher trim levels of bike models typically offer?
Better components
264
What is meant by 'partial carbon' frame?
A bike with a carbon main frame and aluminum seat stay or chain stay
265
What is the rear triangle of a bike?
The seat stay and chain stay together
266
What can make a significant difference in climbing ease?
A couple of pounds of weight difference in the bike
267
What are some ways to lighten an aluminum frame bike?
* Swapping aluminum handlebars for carbon
* Swapping aluminum cranks for carbon
* Swapping aluminum wheels for carbon
268
Why is suspension important when buying a mountain bike?
Suspension choices vary and affect bike performance
## Footnote
Not all forks and shocks are the same; suspension type is crucial for bike suitability.
269
What type of suspension is most commonly used in modern mountain bikes?
Air sprung suspension
## Footnote
Air suspension provides the same level of shock absorption as coil springs.
270
In which types of bikes is coil suspension still commonly used?
Enduro and downhill bikes
## Footnote
Coil suspension is primarily used in the rear of these bikes.
271
What factors influence fork choices in mountain bikes?
Travel length, stanchion size, and adjustability
## Footnote
These choices are determined by the bike manufacturer and model level.
272
What is a stanchion in the context of bike suspension?
The gold part of the fork
## Footnote
Stanchions play a critical role in suspension performance.
273
What is the benefit of Kashima Coating on stanchions?
Smoother movement and higher scratch resistance
## Footnote
Higher-end forks like the Fox 36 often feature this coating.
274
What type of shocks do cross-country bikes typically use?
Air sprung shocks
## Footnote
Cross-country bikes generally have less aggressive shocks.
275
What is a piggyback shock?
A shock with extra air canisters on the side
## Footnote
This design allows for more air volume, enhancing performance on rough terrain.
276
True or False: Downhill bikes mostly use air sprung shocks.
False
## Footnote
Many downhill bikes are equipped with coil sprung shocks.
277
What happens when you choose a custom build for a mountain bike?
You face limitations on suspension options for the frame
## Footnote
Custom builds allow more flexibility but are still subject to compatibility.
278
Fill in the blank: The higher the level of the bike, the better the _______.
stanchions
## Footnote
Higher-end models typically feature improved components.
279
What is Standover Height in mountain biking?
The distance between the top of the frame and your inseam when standing on the ground straddling the bike.
## Footnote
You should have around two inches or so of clearance.
280
How much clearance should you have for Standover Height?
Around two inches or so of clearance, possibly more for aggressive riders.
## Footnote
Ensure to wear the shoes you will be riding with when measuring.
281
What does Reach|Stem Length refer to?
The distance you have to reach the handlebars when sitting on the seat (saddle).
## Footnote
It can be adjusted by replacing the stem or adding spacers.
282
What effect does a longer stem generally have?
Helps you climb steep hills better.
## Footnote
Longer stems can provide a more stretched position.
283
What is the purpose of a dropper post?
To adjust the seatpost height up and down on the fly for climbing and descending.
## Footnote
This allows for optimal riding height during different riding conditions.
284
What are typical sizes for dropper posts?
125mm, 150mm, 170mm, and even 200mm and up.
## Footnote
These sizes refer to the height adjustment range.
285
What should you check regarding Seat Distance and Tilt?
The distance of the seat to the handlebars and the tilt/angle of the seat.
## Footnote
Adjust by sliding the seat on its rails or altering the seat bolts.
286
What is the recommended starting width for handlebars?
Around 780mm if unsure where to begin.
## Footnote
Narrower bars are generally found on cross country bikes, while wider bars are on Enduro and Downhill bikes.
287
How can you test if a wider handlebar is better for you?
Slide your grips out a little to simulate wider handlebars.
## Footnote
Do not ride like this for safety reasons; it's only for testing.
288
What factors determine the choice of handlebar width?
Handlebar width is related to stem length, bike geometry, and riding style.
## Footnote
It affects the overall feel and control of the bike.
289
True or False: Most people prefer their bike seat level.
True.
## Footnote
However, some prefer it pointed down for climbing or up for downhill riding.
290
What is the primary purpose of mountain biking accessories?
To enhance the riding experience and provide necessary safety and comfort
291
What are the three main articles of clothing needed for mountain biking?
* Shorts
* Shirts/Jerseys
* Socks
292
Why are padded shorts recommended for mountain biking?
To provide seat comfort and cushion since most mountain bike seats lack padding
293
What type of material is commonly used in mountain biking shorts?
Thicker and stiffer materials for downhill shorts to withstand crashes
294
What is the function of moisture-wicking shirts in mountain biking?
To draw moisture away from the body to keep the rider cool and dry
295
What are the two categories of pedals used in mountain biking?
* Flat pedals
* Clipless pedals
296
What is a key benefit of flat pedals for beginners?
They allow quick foot removal in emergencies
297
What are the three types of bike helmets mentioned?
* Cross Country
* All Mountain
* Full Face
298
What is the primary feature of MIPS technology in helmets?
Provides protection against rotational motion caused by angled impacts
299
What type of gloves are recommended for mountain biking?
Ride-specific gloves that offer grip and padding
300
What is the main purpose of wearing pads while mountain biking?
To provide extra protection in case of a crash
301
What is the recommended type of eyewear for mountain biking?
Lightweight biking glasses that wrap around the face
302
Why is hydration important during mountain biking?
To prevent dehydration which can negatively affect performance
303
Fill in the blank: The type of shoes you wear when mountain biking depends on the type of _______.
[pedals you use]
304
True or False: Wearing cotton T-shirts is recommended for warm weather mountain biking.
False
305
What are the benefits of using photochromic lenses in biking glasses?
They adjust from clear in the dark to dark in sunlight, suitable for various lighting conditions
306
What should you consider when choosing a water bottle for mountain biking?
It must fit within the frame of the bike and attach securely to the water cage
307
What is a common feature of downhill gloves?
They are full-fingered and have more padding for crash protection
308
What is the purpose of a hydration pack?
To carry water conveniently while riding
309
What is an important characteristic of mountain biking socks?
They are made from synthetic materials for moisture management and comfort
310
What is the function of zippers on biking jerseys?
To allow airflow when it gets hot
311
What should you consider when choosing a water bottle for your bike frame?
Make sure it fits within your frame and the shock position can affect size
## Footnote
Not every bottle will fit in every frame due to varying shock positions.
312
Where are the bottle cages attached on a bike frame?
Threaded holes in the frame
## Footnote
This is the fixed location for attachment unless alternative methods are used.
313
What alternatives exist for holding a water bottle if the frame does not accommodate one?
Strap the bottle to the frame, or use a handlebar or seat mounted bottle holder
## Footnote
These methods provide flexibility if the frame's design limits bottle placement.
314
Why should generic bottled water bottles be avoided for cycling?
They are flimsy, not the right size for a cage, and lack insulation
## Footnote
Flimsy bottles may not stay secure and won't keep water cold.
315
Which type of water bottle is recommended for cycling?
CamelBak Podium Chill bottles
## Footnote
These bottles are insulated and designed to keep water colder for longer.
316
What feature of the CamelBak Podium Chill bottles helps keep water cold?
Insulation and the ability to add ice cubes
## Footnote
This feature enhances cooling for longer rides.
317
What options are available for CamelBak Podium Chill bottles?
Different sizes and a variety of colors
## Footnote
This allows for customization and color coordination with your bike.
318
What items can backpacks be used to carry?
Water, food, tools, inner tube, keys, phone, lightweight jacket
## Footnote
Backpacks are convenient for carrying essential items during rides.
319
What is a downside of wearing a backpack?
Extra weight on your back, increased discomfort on hot days
## Footnote
Backpacks can cause sweating and discomfort due to their weight.
320
What should you carry for short rides to avoid the hassle of a backpack?
Water bottle and maybe a snack in your pocket
321
What type of backpacks are designed for biking?
Lightweight and designed to strap to your back with minimal discomfort
322
What is the purpose of an internal water bladder in a backpack?
To carry water in addition to or instead of a bottle
## Footnote
The bladder allows for hands-free hydration while riding.
323
What is important to do with water bladders after each use?
Clean them periodically, drain, and let them dry out
324
What is a must-have tool for bike maintenance?
Tire pump
## Footnote
Essential for maintaining proper tire pressure for safe riding.
325
What should you check before every ride?
Tire pressure
326
What type of gauge is recommended for checking tire pressure?
Dedicated digital air pressure gauge
327
What is the function of a shock pump?
To check and adjust air pressure in forks and shocks
328
What is the purpose of chain lube?
To lubricate the bike chain for proper functioning
329
What can happen if the bike chain is not lubricated?
It will stiffen up, produce noise, and not shift properly
330
What is a chain cleaner used for?
To remove dirt and grime from the bike chain
331
How often should you clean your chain with a chain cleaner?
Every twenty rides or so
332
What is the function of a bike cleaner?
To clean various bike components like chain, cassette, and frame
333
What is a work stand used for?
To elevate the bike for easier maintenance
334
What is a master link?
A special link used to connect and disconnect the bike chain
335
What type of wrenches are commonly used on bikes?
Allen/Hex wrenches
336
What is an important factor when choosing bike lights?
Lumens
## Footnote
Lumens measure the brightness of the light.
337
What is the recommended lumen count for a main bike light?
Over 1,000 lumens
338
What is the advantage of lights with dual lenses?
They provide a wider beam compared to single lens lights
339
What should you do before purchasing a bike light?
Read reviews and do your homework
340
What does bike frame geometry refer to?
The length and angles of components such as the top tube, seat tube, and wheelbase length
## Footnote
Geometry affects how the bike rides and what types of trails it can handle.
341
What is the significance of the bike frame?
It is the heart of the bike and determines the bike's riding style and category
## Footnote
The frame style and geometry influence performance.
342
What components typically come with a bike frame?
Shock
## Footnote
Some manufacturers may sell frames without shocks.
343
What are the common materials for bike frames?
Aluminum, carbon fiber, or a mixture of both
## Footnote
Carbon frames save about 1 to 1.5 lbs in weight.
344
What is the average weight target for a cross country or trail bike?
Under 30 lbs
## Footnote
Weight is crucial for mountain biking performance.
345
What does the drivetrain consist of on a mountain bike?
Cassette, shifter, chain, chainring, cranks, derailleur
## Footnote
Each component must work together to transfer power effectively.
346
What role do cranks play in a mountain bike drivetrain?
They connect to the frame and allow power from the legs to be transferred through the chain
## Footnote
Cranks come in different lengths.
347
What is the function of the chain in a mountain bike?
To transfer power from the cranks to the cassette in the rear
## Footnote
Chain size varies based on bike speed.
348
What does the chainring do?
Bolts onto the cranks and interacts with the chain to move the cassette
## Footnote
Chainrings come in different sizes affecting pedaling ease and speed.
349
How is the number of speeds on a bike calculated?
Multiply the number of rings in the cassette by the number of chainrings up front
## Footnote
Example: 2 chainrings and 10 in the cassette equals 20 speeds.
350
What is the purpose of the shifter on a mountain bike?
Allows the rider to change gears
## Footnote
Mounted on the handlebars.
351
What is the function of the derailleur?
Shifts gears when the rider changes gears using the shifter
## Footnote
Wireless options exist but are more expensive.
352
What are the two main types of mountain bike suspension?
Hardtail (no rear shock) and full suspension (with rear shock)
## Footnote
Suspension absorbs bumps and improves ride quality.
353
What components make up a mountain bike fork?
Steerer tube, crown, stanchions, brace, lower, brake caliper mount
## Footnote
Forks connect the front wheel to the bike frame.
354
What is the steerer tube's role in a bike fork?
Connects handlebars and stem to the fork for steering
## Footnote
Comes in different lengths and may need cutting.
355
What do stanchions do in a fork?
Travel in and out of the lower body to cushion the ride
## Footnote
They contain internal components affecting performance.
356
What is the purpose of the brace in a fork?
Helps secure both sides of the fork
## Footnote
Works alongside the crown.
357
What is the axle in a mountain bike fork?
Goes through the hub of the wheel and dropouts to secure the wheel
## Footnote
Different sizes must match the wheel hub.
358
What adjustments can be made to a bike fork?
Air pressure, compression, rebound
## Footnote
These adjustments customize the suspension's performance.
359
What does compression adjustment in a fork control?
How much the suspension compresses under load
## Footnote
Important for descents and hard braking.
360
What is rebound damping in a fork?
Controls the speed at which the suspension re-extends after a bump
## Footnote
Requires trial and error to calibrate effectively.
361
What is the main function of a shock on a mountain bike?
Absorbs shocks from bumps at the rear of the bike
## Footnote
Works similarly to a fork but is positioned differently.
362
What is the difference in shock placement among bike brands?
It varies; some use a vertical type design while others prefer a horizontal positioning
## Footnote
This difference affects how the shock interacts with the frame.
363
What function do pivot points serve in a bike frame?
They allow the rear of the frame to move in unison with the shock, absorbing bumps and smoothing the ride
## Footnote
This design enhances the overall riding experience by improving shock absorption.
364
What are the components of a bike shock similar to?
They are similar to those of a fork
## Footnote
Both contain settings such as compression and rebound.
365
What types of dampers can a bike shock use?
Air damper or spring
## Footnote
The choice affects the shock's performance characteristics.
366
How much air pressure is typically required for a bike shock?
Over 200 psi
## Footnote
This is significantly higher than the pressure required for a fork, which is around 70-90 psi.
367
What is the purpose of a piggyback or reservoir shock?
To help with performance by splitting the load between two compression circuits
## Footnote
This design makes the shock feel less harsh and keeps it cooler during intense use.
368
What must be ensured when replacing a bike shock?
That it is the same size in eye-to-eye length and damper body
## Footnote
Some bikes may only accept proprietary shocks, limiting replacement options.
369
What are the two main types of pedals used in biking?
Flat pedals and clipless pedals
370
Describe flat pedals.
Platforms for feet with pins for grip and easy foot removal
371
What is a key advantage of flat pedals?
Easy to get feet off quickly when needed
372
What materials can flat pedals be made from?
Aluminum, magnesium, and plastic
373
What are clipless pedals?
Pedals that secure shoes to the pedal for better power transfer
374
Why are clipless pedals called 'clipless'?
They evolved from earlier designs that had straps and foot cages
375
What is a major benefit of using clipless pedals?
Allows for power application during both upstroke and downstroke
376
What is a downside of clipless pedals?
Risk of falling if unable to unclip quickly
377
What are the main components of a mountain bike wheel?
Hoop, spokes, and hub
378
What is the function of the hoop in a bike wheel?
It forms the structure of the wheel and connects to the spokes
379
How many spokes do most bike wheels use?
Typically 32 spokes
380
What is the purpose of the spokes in a bike wheel?
Provide strength and connect the hoop to the hub
381
What is the role of the hub in a bike wheel?
Connects to the hoop and allows the wheel to spin freely
382
What is the freewheel in the rear hub used for?
Transfers power by locking when pedaling forward and spinning freely when pedaling backward
383
What factors influence tire choice for mountain biking?
Trail characteristics and riding style
384
What types of terrain should influence tire tread patterns?
Mud, sand, rocks, loose dirt, hardpack
385
How does tire width affect performance?
Wider tires provide better grip for technical terrain but increase resistance
386
What is the difference between mechanical and hydraulic brakes?
Mechanical uses a cable; hydraulic uses brake fluid
387
What does modulation refer to in braking systems?
Control or fine tuning of stopping power
388
What is the function of the rotor in a disc brake system?
Attached to the hub, it is clamped by brake pads to slow the bike
389
When should brake pads be replaced?
When the thickness is down to about the thickness of a dime
390
What is the typical cost range for a good set of clipless pedals?
Around $60
391
Fill in the blank: Flat pedals are often used by _____ riders.
downhill
392
True or False: Hydraulic brakes require regular bleeding of brake fluid.
True
393
What materials are commonly used for bike grips?
Rubber, foam, and plastic
394
What is the purpose of grips on a bike?
To provide comfort and control while holding the handlebars
395
What is the price range for mountain bike tires?
$50 - $100 each
396
What type of grips offers more cushioning?
Thicker grips
397
What type of tire compound is best for rocky areas?
More durable compound
398
What is double ply in mountain bike tires?
Extra material for added strength
399
What might happen if brake pads wear down too much?
Damage to the rotor
400
What is a common issue with mechanical brakes?
Cables can stretch and get dirty
401
When should brake pads be replaced?
When the thickness of the pads gets down to about the thickness of a dime.
## Footnote
This indicates significant wear and potential loss of braking efficiency.
402
What is the average cost of a set of brake pads?
$20.
## Footnote
Prices may vary based on brand and type.
403
What are the two main types of brake pad materials?
* Metallic (sintered)
* Organic
## Footnote
Each type has distinct performance characteristics.
404
What are the advantages of metallic brake pads?
* Good for wet and dirty conditions
* Generally last longer than organic pads.
## Footnote
They contain a metal compound.
405
What are the advantages of organic brake pads?
* Better stopping power
* Better heat dissipation
* Quieter than metallic pads
## Footnote
They are softer than metallic pads but do not last as long.
406
What is the function of the caliper in a braking system?
Houses the brake pads and squeezes them against the rotor to slow the bike down.
## Footnote
The caliper operates using hydraulic fluid.
407
How does the brake lever system work on mountain bikes?
The left lever controls the front brake and the right lever controls the rear brake.
## Footnote
This is opposite of most motorcycles.
408
What is brake fade?
When the brakes get hot and don't work as well as they do when cooler.
## Footnote
This can affect braking performance.
409
What is the significance of handlebar width on mountain bikes?
Affects bike handling and stability at high speeds.
## Footnote
Wider handlebars provide more leverage when turning.
410
What is the commonly preferred width for mountain bike handlebars?
760mm.
## Footnote
Downhill mountain bikers may prefer widths of 780-800mm.
411
What does handlebar rise refer to?
The angle at which the handlebars rise from flat, measured in degrees.
## Footnote
Average rise is typically between 10-30 degrees.
412
What is backsweep in handlebars?
The angle at which the bars swoop toward the back of the bike.
## Footnote
It affects rider comfort and control.
413
What is the most common diameter for mountain bike handlebars?
31.8mm.
## Footnote
Recent trends are moving towards 35mm for greater strength.
414
What is a dropper seatpost?
A seatpost that allows the rider to raise and lower the seat height for various riding conditions.
## Footnote
This enhances performance during climbs and descents.
415
How are modern dropper seatposts typically actuated?
Mechanically, with some models using hydraulic fluid.
## Footnote
A lever is usually mounted on the handlebars.
416
What is the function of the seatpost shaft?
The part that goes up and down while the rest of the seatpost remains fixed in position.
## Footnote
It allows for adjustable seat height.
417
What is the range of lengths for dropper seatposts?
125mm up to 240mm.
## Footnote
Choosing the correct size is essential for proper fit.
418
What is the disadvantage of having a seatpost that is too short?
It will not allow the seatpost to go down as far in the lowest position.
## Footnote
This can hinder performance and comfort.
419
What is the recommended amount of water to drink while riding?
About 20 ounces per hour.
420
What is a hydration pack and why is it useful?
A hydration pack can hold more water than a bottle, making it useful for long rides.
421
True or False: You should only drink water when you feel thirsty during a ride.
False.
422
What should you drink after a ride to recover lost fluids?
Water and possibly a sports drink for electrolytes.
423
What are electrolytes and why are they important during exercise?
Electrolytes help muscles and nerves function properly and are lost through sweating.
424
Name a popular drink that replenishes electrolytes during exercise.
Gatorade.
425
What are electrolyte tablets used for?
They are dissolved in water to replenish electrolytes during rides.
426
What do energy gels typically contain?
Maltodextrin, fructose, electrolytes, and amino acids.
427
Fill in the blank: Gels can also contain ______ for an extra energy boost.
caffeine.
428
What are two alternatives to gels mentioned in the text?
Chews and energy or protein bars.
429
What is a benefit of bringing fruits like bananas on a ride?
They provide potassium, magnesium, and carbohydrates.
430
What is a downside of bringing bananas on a ride?
They take up room in your pack.
431
What type of nuts are recommended for trail food?
* Almonds
* Pistachios
* Walnuts
* Macadamia
* Peanuts
* Pecans
* Hazelnuts
* Brazil Nuts
432
What is trail mix and why is it a good snack?
Trail mix includes a variety of nuts and dried fruits; it's nutritious and easy to carry.
433
What is a quick snack option mentioned that is high in protein?
Beef jerky.
434
True or False: A peanut butter and jelly sandwich is a good pre-ride snack.
True.
435
What can protein shakes be made from?
Fruit, yogurt, or protein powder.
436
What is a good recovery drink after a ride?
Chocolate milk.
437
What should you consider when choosing energy or protein bars?
Look for bars that are nutritious and not just high in sugar.
438
Fill in the blank: Dehydrated fruits can contain a lot of ______.
sugar.
