Bile Secretion and Enterohepatic Circulation

Question 1

The rate-limiting enzyme for the production of bile salts in the liver is cholesterol .

Answer 1

7 alpha hydroxylase

Question 2

When duodenal pressure is (low/high) , bile is ejected from the gallbladder.

Answer 2

LOW

Question 3

Biliverdin is converted to the yellow-colored compound .

Answer 3

Bilirubin

Question 4

_________ and ductal cells produce bile continuously.

Answer 4

Hepatocytes

Question 5

Primary bile acids are dehydroxylated to become , namely, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid.

Answer 5

Secondary Bile Acids

• DEOXYCHOLIC
• LITHOCOLIC

Question 6

Bile salts are , meaning they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.

Answer 6

Ampipathic

Question 7

Primary bile acids are dehydroxylated at the seventh carbon by intestinal .

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

After conjugation in the (organ) , bile acids are transformed into bile salts.

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

The first role of bile salts is to lipids so that there is increased surface area around the fat droplets.

Answer 9

Emulsify

Question 10

The cholecystokinin that is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestine (stimulates/inhibits) the contraction of the gallbladder.

Answer 10

Stimulates

Question 11

A portion of conjugated made by hepatocytes is excreted in urine.

Answer 11

Bilirubin

Question 12

At duodenal acidity, bile salts are in their (ionized/non-ionized) form, making them soluble in water.

Answer 12

Ionized

Question 13

One of the byproducts of hemoglobin degradation is the green-colored compound .

Answer 13

Biliverdin

Question 14

The cholecystokinin that is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestine (contracts/relaxes) the sphincter of Oddi.

Answer 14

Relaxes

Question 15

The choleretic effect is when the recirculation of bile salts to the liver (stimulates/inhibits) biliary secretion.

Answer 15

Stimulates

Question 16

A portion of urobilinogen in the intestine is converted to urobilin and , which gives stool its dark hue.

Answer 16

Stercobilin

Question 17

Because newborns do not produce transferase right away, some develop newborn jaundice.

Answer 17

UDP glucoronyl transferase

Question 18

The recirculation of bile salts (decreases/increases) the need for new synthesis in the liver.

Answer 18

Decreases

Question 19

Conjugated bilirubin is water (insoluble/soluble)

Answer 19

Soluble

Question 20

Hepatocytes produce the (primary/secondary) bile acids: cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

Answer 20

PRIMARY

• CHOLIC ACID
• CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID

Question 21

The (organ) concentrates bile by absorbing water and ions.

Answer 21

Gallbladder

Question 22

Lithocholic acid is the bile acid present in the (highest/lowest) concentration in the small intestine.

Answer 22

LOWEST

Question 23

Bile salts form around the products of lipid digestion.

Answer 23

Micelles

Question 24

The major organic component in bile is bile .

Answer 24

Bile salts

Question 25

Bile is ejected from the gallbladder (continuously/discontinuously) .

Answer 25

Discontinuosly

Question 26

The liver conjugates bile acids to bile salts with the amino acids taurine or .

Answer 26

Taurine | Glycine

Question 27

Cholic acid is the bile acid present in the (highest/lowest) concentration in the small intestine.

Answer 27

HIGHEST

Question 28

Secretin (inhibits/stimulates) bicarbonate ion and water secretion by the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts.

Answer 28

Stimulates

Question 29

The rate-limiting enzyme for the production of bile salts in the liver is (inhibited/stimulated) by the bile salts recycled from the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 29

Inhibited

Question 30

The majority of bile salts are reabsorbed in the (duodenum/jejunum/ileum) .

Answer 30

ILEUM

Question 31

Primary bile acids are synthesized from (precursor molecule) .

Answer 31

CHOLESTEROL

Question 32

Conjugation makes bile acids more water (soluble/insoluble) .

Answer 32

Soluble

Question 33

Bilirubin is conjugated with acid in hepatic microsomes via the enzyme UDP-glucuronyl transferase.

Answer 33

Glucoronic acid

Question 34

Bile salts are recycled through sodium-bile salt cotransporters in the (part of small intestine)

Answer 34

ILEUM

Question 35

In the intestine, bilirubin is converted to _________ by the native bacteria

Answer 35

Urobilinogen

Question 36

the yellow colored product of hemoglobin metabolism that is the major pigment found in bile.

Answer 36

Bilirubin

Question 37

bile salts have more hydroxyl groups making them more effective at solubilizing lipids.

Answer 37

PRIMARY

Question 38

The liver conjugates and secretes it along with bile, giving it the yellow appearance.

Answer 38

BILIRUBIN