Renal tubular physiology

Question 1

Site of GLOMERULOTUBULAR BALANCE

Answer 1

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 2

The result of solute reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule is a net (positive/negative) charge in the lumen.

Answer 2

Negative

Question 3

is defined as the ability of each successive segment of the proximal tubule to reabsorb a constant fraction of glomerular filtrate and solutes delivered to it.

Answer 3

Glomerulotubular Balance

Question 4

In contrast to the early proximal convoluted tubule, the late proximal tubule mostly reabsorbs .

Answer 4

NaCl

Question 5

The tubule in the nephron reabsorbs around 67% of the filtered sodium and water.

Answer 5

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 6

Glucose, amino acids, phosphate, lactate, and citrate are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule with (ion) as the cotransport ion.

Answer 6

Sodium

Question 7

With or without the presence of aldosterone, the area of the nephron that always reabsorbs the (most/least) amount of sodium is the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 7

MOST

Question 8

The one countertransport mechanism in the early proximal tubule is the antiporter in the luminal membrane.

Answer 8

Na H antiporter

Question 9

The major Starling force driving reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule is the high of peritubular capillary blood.

Answer 9

Oncotic pressure

Question 10

The most essential solutes including glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed along with sodium in the (early/late) proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 10

EARLY PCT

Question 11

The proximal convoluted tubule causes net reabsorption of (H+/HCO3-) .

Answer 11

HCO3

Question 12

Glucose is transported into the peritubular capillary blood from the cell via (mechanism) through the GLUT1 and GLUT2 transporters.

Answer 12

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 13

Typically, % of filtered bicarbonate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 13

85%

Question 14

The ion concentration is high in the fluid entering the late proximal convoluted tubule because of preferential reabsorption of HCO3- in the early proximal tubule.

Answer 14

Chloride

Question 15

% of a normal filtered glucose load is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 15

100%

Question 16

Diuretics that act in EARLY PCT by inhibiting reabsorption of filtered HCO3

Answer 16

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide)

Question 17

The primary transporter for sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is the .

Answer 17

Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter.

Question 18

The THIN DESCENDING limb of the loop of Henle (is/is not) permeable to water.

Answer 18

Permeable

Question 19

The Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is inhibited by (drug class) .

Answer 19

Loop Diuretics

Question 20

The thin ASCENDING limb of the

loop of Henle (is/is not) is to water.

Answer 20

Not permeable

Question 21

In the loop of Henle, the limb is permeable to water.

Answer 21

thin ASCENDING limb

Question 22

The fluid that leaves a normally functioning thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle has a (higher/lower) osmolarity than blood.

Answer 22

LOWER

Question 23

Reabsorption of sodium in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is (transporter/load) dependent.

Answer 23

LOAD

Question 24

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (is/is not) permeable to water.

Answer 24

NO PERMEABLE

Question 25

The cells of the collecting duct are involved in potassium reabsorption and hydrogen ion secretion.

Answer 25

alpha intercalated cells

Question 26

The early distal convoluted tubule is (impermeable/permeable) to water and its permeability is not impacted by antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 26

IMPERMEABLE

Question 27

Called the CORTICAL DILUTING SEGMENT

Answer 27

Early Distal Tubule

Question 28

The early distal tubule reabsorbs sodium via co-transporters in the luminal membrane.

Answer 28

Na-Cl

Question 29

When antidiuretic hormone levels are high, channels are inserted into the luminal membrane of the principal cells in the collecting duct.

Answer 29

Aquaporin 2

Question 30

Reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts are load (independent/dependent) , especially in regard to extra sodium delivered from more proximal segments.

Answer 30

DEPENDENT

Question 31

Water permeability of the collecting duct depends on the presence of hormone.

Answer 31

ADH

Question 32

The sodium channels found in the principal cells of the nephron collecting duct are termed sodium channels.

Answer 32

Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC)

Question 33

The two major cell types in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the nephron

Answer 33

Principal cells | Intercalated cells

Question 34

The cells of the collecting duct are involved in sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and water reabsorption.

Answer 34

Principal cells

Question 35

Antidiuretic hormone activation of vasopressin 1 receptor (increases/decreases) vasoconstriction of arterioles and total peripheral resistance.

Answer 35

INCREASES