BIO 1-5 Flashcards
1
Q
Organisms of a same species living in a same area
A
Population
2
Q
Organisms of a different species living in a same area
A
Community
3
Q
New properties present in an organism which were not present in a previous generation
A
Emergent properties
4
Q
____________ are 1000 times smaller than bacteria and are not cells
A
Viruses
5
Q
Viruses are made up of atoms and molecules - this demonstrates, in a way, ________________ (characteristic of a living thing).
A
Ordered complexity
6
Q
With a _________, a virus can evolve.
A
Host
7
Q
These Archaea obtain their energy by using hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide to methane gas.
A
Methanogens
8
Q
These Archaea grow under extreme conditions (pH, pressure and temperature).
A
Extremophiles
9
Q
These Archaea grow in similar environments as bacteria.
A
Nonextreme archaea
10
Q
This is how species from the domain Eukarya reproduce.
A
Sexual reproduction
11
Q
Those are the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya, in alphabetical order.
A
Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista
12
Q
Animal-like protists, heterotrophs
A
Phagotrophs
13
Q
Plant-like protists, autotrophs
A
Phototrophs
14
Q
Fungus-like protists, digest food outside their bodies
A
Osmotrophs
15
Q
Invented the Hierarchal System of Classification
A
Carl Linnaeus
16
Q
Steps of scientific method, in order.
A
Observation, ask question, develop hypothesis, test hypothesis, make prediction, conclusion, peer-review
17
Q
This is when several same trials are made for better results.
A
Replication
18
Q
The fact that others can repeat your experiment and get similar results is called
A
Repeatability
19
Q
The 3 P’s
A
Problem Posing, Problem Solving, Peer Persuasion
20
Q
This is the species Darwin observed
A
Finches
21
Q
Review Darwin’s theory and his observations (Lecture 3)
A
Yes
22
Q
_________________ structures have same evolutionary origins, but different structure and function.
A
Homologous
23
Q
_________________ structures have similar structure and function, but different evolutionary origins
A
Analogous
24
Q
This type of diagram allows for study of an evolutionary history of an organism based on its genes.
A
Phylogenetic tree
25
First Principle of the Cell Theory
All living things are composed of one or more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells
26
Second Principle of the Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of life
27
Third Principle of the Cell Theory
Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells
28
Size of bacteria cells (micrometers)
1 to 5
29
Size of animal cells (micrometers)
50
30
Size of plant cells (micrometers)
100
31
This type of microscope passes visible light through a specimen and then through magnifying glass lenses to magnify the specimen; cannot resolve detail finer than 200nm; can be used for live specimens
Light microscope
32
This type of microscope focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen onto its surface; reveal many organelles and subcellular structures; can resolve structures and subcellular features; cannot be used with live specimens
Electron microscope
33
This type of electron microscope gives a 2D image of a thin slice of the observed specimen
Transmission Electron Microscope
34
This type of electron microscope produces a 3D image of the surface of a specimen through the use of lights rays which bounce off the specimen
Scanning Electron Microscope
35
List the three major characteristics of all cells
All cells have: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA
36
The cytoplasm consists of those two things
Organelles, cytosol
37
This is the main mode of locomotion of some prokaryotes
Flagella
38
Bacterial cell shape: spherical
Coccus
39
Bacterial cell shape: rod
Bacillus
40
Bacterial cell shape: spiral (less common)
Spirillum
41
Aggregation of bacterial cells: pairs
Diplo
42
Aggregation of bacterial cells: chains
Strepto
43
Aggregation of bacterial cells: clusters
Staphylo
44
Flexible outer surface of cells, composed of a phospholipid bilayer, has selective permeability
Plasma membrane
45
Gel like fluid made up of 75% water, 25% protein
Cytosol
46
The nucleus contains those four elements: ______, _________ (synthesis of ribosomes), ____________ (liquid where DNA is found), _________ (membrane with pores)
DNA, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope
47
This part of the cell directs the synthesis of RNA
Nucleolus
48
This organelle consists of a complex of double membranes which is highly folded and interconnected
Endoplasmic Reticulum
49
This part of an organelle is composed of flattened sacs with ribosomes
Rough ER
50
This part of an organelle looks like a network of tubes; it has no bumps
Smooth ER
51
Site of protein synthesis in the cell
Ribosome
52
The ribosomes are composed of two ____________: the large and the small
Subunits
53
This type of RNA carries the message from the DNA to the joining ribosome subunits
mRNA (messenger RNA)
54
This type of RNA carries amino acids that make the proteins
tRNA (transfer RNA)
55
Contains the ribosomes, produces proteins destined to be exported, manufactures membranes
Rough ER
56
Builds complex carbohydrates and lipids for internal use, makes steroid hormones, majority of membrane lipids are assembled there, detoxification of drugs
Smooth ER
57
Bubble which forms on ER membrane, detaches from ER and drifts though cytoplasm to Golgi
Vescicle
58
Consists of a series of flattened, stacked membranes; has a front and a back with different membrane compositions: the front (receiving end near ER) is called the Cis face, the back (discharging end) called the trans face; its function is to collect, package and distribute molecules
Golgi Apparatus
59
Small round vesicle produced by the Golgi Apparatus; contain hydrolytic enzymes; very low pH; breakdown old organelles, digest particles, recycle material within the cell (the garbage man of the cell)
Lysosomes
60
Smaller round vesicle; contain hydrogen peroxidases; breakdown amino acids and fatty acids
Peroxisomes
61
What is a group of the same species living in the same place?
a population
62
How is called the process through which bacteria divide?
binary fission
63
What is the more extended form of DNA, comprising DNA and proteins?
Chromatin
64
Which long protein fibers are responsible for contraction?
Actin filaments
65
Number of chromosomes found in gametes
Haploid
66
Broadest unit of classification of living things
Domain
67
Simple cell with no defined nucleus
prokaryote
68
stacked, flattened membranes used to collect, package and distribute molecules
Golgi apparatus
69
Storage of extra glucose in humans (polymer)
glycogen
70
Structures that have the same evolutionary origin, but different functions
homologous structures
71
Which organelle of the plant carries on photosynthesis?
chloroplast
72
Organelle where respiration occurs, it makes ATP used for cellular energy.
Mithocondria
73
Which barrel shaped organelles organize the microtubules in mitotic spindle during cell division?
centrioles
74
Region near the nucleus containing the centrioles.
centrosome
75
Which organelle is responsible for drug detoxification?
Smooth ER
76
Which organelle produces enzymes that make lipids and carbohydrates?
Smooth ER
77
Which organelle is home to the ribosomes?
Rough ER
78
Formed in the golgi apparatus, they contain digestive enzymes and digest worn out organelles and cell debris.
Lysosomes
79
What is the usual distribution pattern of plants?
Uniform
80
What are the four types of macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
81
What kind of sugar is a triose and what does the tri- stand for?
Monosaccharide, tri = 3 carbons
82
Which disaccharide is made of two glucose?
maltose
83
Which disaccharide is made of a glucose and a fructose?
sucrose
84
Which disaccharide is made of a glucose and a galactose?
lactose
85
What is the name of the cleavage of a cell into equal halves?
Cytokinesis
86
Name the 4 types of lipids.
Neutral fats, phospholopids, steroids, terpenes
87
Are fatty acids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophobic
88
Which nucleic acid is unique to ARN?
Uracil
89
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
90
What are the 7 characteristics of living things?
Cellular OrganizationOrdered ComplexitySensitivityGrowth, Development and ReproductionEnergy UtilizationHomeostasisEvolutionary Adaptation
91
What is the capacity of maintaining relatively constant internal conditions?
Homeostasis
92
What are the main three levels of the hierarchal organization?
Cellular, Organismal and Population Levels
93
Name from the smallest to the biggest all the components of the cellular level.
Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells
94
Name from the smallest to the biggest all the components of the organismal level.
Tissue, organs, organ systems, organism
95
Name from the smallest to the biggest all the components of the population level.
Population, species, community, physical ecosystem, biosphere
96
How are called properties present at one level that are not seen in the previous level?
Emergent properties
97
What is the branch of biology the names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth?
Taxonomy
98
From the smallest to the biggest, what are the units of classification of life?
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
99
What are the three major domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
100
What make the cell walls of Bacteria special?
Peptidoglycan
101
What are the three types of Archea?
Extremophiles, Non exteme archaea and Methanogens
102
Can you find methanogens on your skin? Why or why not?
No, because they would die. They are poisoned by oxygen (strict anaerobes).
103
How do you call an archea that lives in very salty environment? Hint: Don't forget your greek roots!
Halophile
104
What are the three characteristic that distinguish eukaryotes from all prokaryotes?
Compartmentalization, Multicellularity and Sexual Reproduction
105
What are the 4 Eukarya kingdoms?
Animalia, Fungi, Platae, Protista
106
What are the three types of protists?
Phagotrophs, Phototrophs and Osmotrophs
107
What is a pseudopod?
It's an arm-like projection in Amebas
108
What is the pompous name for a classification level?
Taxon
109
How do you call a key with only two possibilities at one time?
Dichotomous Key
110
Name two functions of the vacuoles in Amebae.
Hold food and pump water in order to move
111
Name the 7 steps of the scientific methods in order!
ObservationsAsk questionsDevelop hypothesisTest hypothesisMake predictionsConclusion Peer review
112
What is the name of the belief that organic molecules held an inherent property that could lead to create life out of nothing?
Spontaneous generation
113
What was the competing hypothesis of Spontaneous Generation?
The Germ Hypothesis
114
What are the 3 P's?Hint: They are not linked to the 3 R's :)
Problem Posing Problem Solving Peer Persuasion
115
What are the !@#$%^& birds studied by Charles Darwin?
Finches
116
What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?
Cells are the basic units of lifeAll living things are composed of one or more cellsCells arise of previously existing cells
117
Give the size of a typical bacteria cell, an animal cell and a plant cell?
Bacteria 1 to 5 umAnimal 50 umPlant 100 um
