Bio Ch. 8&9 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph? List an example of each.
Heterotroph- organisms that eat (consume) to get food (for energy)- animals, fungi, some bacteria
Autotroph- organisms that make their own food using the process of photosynthesis- plants, algae, some bacteria
What is the difference between a heterotroph in and autotroph? list an example of each
Heterotroph- organisms that can eat (or consume) to get food (for energy)- animals fungi some bacteria
autotroph- organisms that make their own food using the process of photosynthesis -plants algae and some bacteria
What is ATP and how is it important to living things?
Adenosine triphosphate- used for energy in cells (to do things like active transport, protein synthesis etc.)
What are the 3 parts of an ATP molecule?
Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
Why does a cell not have a lot of ATP “sitting around” all the time?
Because it is a good molecule to transfer energy but not to store it
What is the main way that cells store chemical energy?
sugar
How is energy released from an ATP molecule?
By breaking the bond between the 2nd
and 3rd
phosphate group
How are ADP and ATP related and how do they contribute to cell activity?
ADP is made from ATP having the bond broken to release energy…. ADP can be “recycled” into ATP using
the energy from sugar
What is photosynthesis?
The process of using sunlight to make sugar
What organelle in a cell does photosynthesis occur in?
chloroplasts
What is a pigment? What is the main pigment in plants?
A light absorbing molecule
chlorophyll
Why do most plants look green?
Because chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet, and red light well but reflects green light
What are the main parts of a chloroplast? Be able to label a diagram (reference pg 231)
Thylakoids- stacks of membranes that contain the chlorophyll
Stroma- fluid area around the thylakoids
Grana- stacks of thylakoids
Why is NADP+ important in the process of photosynthesis?
It is a carrier molecule (to carry high-energy electrons)
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O and light C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, water, and light
Summarize the light-dependent reactions. (what does it use, make, and where does it take place).
Uses- Water, light, ADP, NADP+ makes- oxygen, ATP, NADPH takes place- in the thylakoids
Summarize the light-independent reactions. (what does it use, make, and where does it take place).
Uses- ATP, NADPH, carbon dioxide makes- sugar takes place- in the stroma
What are three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and how does each affect the rate?
- Light intensity- more intense= faster rate of PS
- Temperature- lower temp = slower rate of PS (because of enzymes not working as fast)
- Water- shortages= slower rate of PS
What is another name for the light-independent reactions?
Calvin Cycle
How are the terms calorie and Calorie related? If a person consumes 8000 calories, how many Calories have
they consumed?
1 Calorie = 1000 calories.
8
Why is it important for cellular respiration break food molecules down slowly?
So not as much energy is lost as light/heat….it is actually contained and used by the cell
What is cellular respiration?
The process of releasing chemical energy from food to use for activities in the cell
