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10th Grade > IEOC BIO - Sheet1 > Flashcards

IEOC BIO - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.

A

nucleic acids

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2
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

To make protein (protein synthesis)

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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION (largest to smallest)

A

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, cells, and molecules

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4
Q

THE ENERGY NEEDED TO GET A REACTION STARTED IS CALLED THE:

A

Activation Energy

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5
Q

WHAT DOES AN ENZYME DO?

A

Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE-ENZYMES WORK AT EVERY TEMPERATURE?

A

false-slow down at lower temperatures or too high of temperatures

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7
Q

THE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE:

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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8
Q

WHAT ORGANIC GROUP IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR HUMANS.

A

carbohydrates

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9
Q

_______________ ARE USED TO STORE ENERGY, AND ARE IMPORTANT PARTS OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES.

A

lipids

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10
Q

______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.

A

nucleic acids

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11
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

To make protein (protein synthesis)

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12
Q

WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES?

A

They work best at a specified pH, they are temperature dependent, they are proteins, they can be denatured.

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13
Q

_________ SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN CELLS.

A

enzymes

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14
Q

______________ ALLOWS CELLS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.

A

cell specialization

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15
Q

The cell organelle in charge of storage?

A

VACUOLE

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16
Q

Which organelles split themselves in 1/2 to digest dead cells or cell invaders?

A

LYSOSOMES

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17
Q

Which organelle rips the cell apart during cell division?

A

CENTRIOLES

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18
Q

What organelle is the cell boundary?

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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19
Q

What 2 organelles are found in a plant cell, but not an animal cell?

A

CHLOROPLASTS AND CELL WALL

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20
Q

What gives a cell its shape?

A

CELL MEMBRANE AND WATER

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21
Q

What is the name for a cell that does not have a nucleus?

A

PROKARYOTE

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22
Q

What is the name for a cell that does have a nucleus?

A

EUKARYOTE

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23
Q

What is the smallest unit of life?

A

CELL

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24
Q

The process in which molecules move from an area of large concentration to an area of low concentration is:

A

DIFFUSION

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25
Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is called:
OSMOSIS
26
The concentration of solutes is the same on both the inside and the outside of a cell.
ISOTONIC
27
The concentration of solutes is greater outside of the cell, causes the cell to dry out.
HYPERTONIC
28
The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell.
HYPOTONIC
29
A single-celled organism. Bacteria falls into this category.
UNICELLULAR
30
Organisms made up of many cells are classified as this:
MULTICELLULAR
31
An energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
32
The organelle in a cell that in charge of packaging and sorting proteins.
GOLGI APPARATUS
33
Which organelle provides the cell with energy?
MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS
34
What is the jellylike material that holds the organelles?
CYTOPLASM
35
What is the control structure of the nucleus?
NUCLEOLUS
36
The highway of the cell in charge of cell that transports materials.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
37
What is the main function of the cell wall?
SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
38
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
REGULATES WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL
39
What is diffusion?
THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION
40
What is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
41
Which means of particle transport requires energy from the cell?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
42
What is osmosis?
THE DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.
43
The process by which a cell takes material into the cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS
44
The process by which a cell releases materials.
EXOCYTOSIS
45
What are the levels of organization of multicellular organisms?
INDIVIDUAL CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS
46
Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food are called:
AUTOTROPHS
47
Organisms that obtain energy from the food that they consume are called:
HETEROTROPHS
48
________________ is used by cells as their basic energy source.
ATP
49
When ATP loses a phosphate is becomes _____________.
ADP
50
Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle in plants?
CHLOROPLASTS
51
What are the products of photosynthesis?
OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE
52
What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
53
What is the pigment in plants that gives them their green color?
CHLOROPHYLL
54
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 ---->6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
55
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down:
GLUCOSE AND OTHER FOOD MOLECULES
56
When oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by _______________.
FERMENTATION
57
When a process requires oxygen it is referred to as:
AEROBIC
58
When a process doesn't require oxygen it is referred to as:
ANAEROBIC
59
The process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells is called:
CELL DIVISION
60
What is the cell cycle?
SERIES OF EVENTS THAT CELLS GO THROUGH AS THEY GROW AND DIVIDE
61
Genetic information is also called:
DNA
62
The process by which a single parent reproduces by itself is called:
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
63
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE
64
The period of growth in between cell divisions is called:
INTERPHASE
65
Organisms that have two identical alleles (Ex:TT or tt)for a particular trait are said to be:
HOMOZYGOUS
66
An organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (Ex: Tt) is:
HETEROZYGOUS
67
Cell division where gametes are produced is called:
MEIOSIS
68
The genetic makeup of the organism is called the:
GENOTYPE
69
The physical characteristics of an organism is called the:
PHENOTYPE
70
Sex cells are also called:
GAMETES
71
The different forms of a gene are called:
ALLELES
72
What does a punnett square show?
ALL POSSIBLE RESULTS OF A GENETIC CROSS, THE GENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING, THE ALLELES IN THE GAMETES OF EACH PARENT
73
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine are the bases found in ___________.
DNA
74
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil are the bases found in _________.
RNA
75
The backbone of DNA is formed by:
sugar and phosphate groups
76
What connects the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
hydrogen bonds
77
What happens during translation?
The cell uses the information from mRNA to produce proteins.
78
If I have a DNA molecule CGCAGT during replication what strand would be formed?
GCGTCA
79
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide (the building block of DNA)?
5-carbon sugar nitrogenous base phosphate group
80
Transcription is the process of _______________.
Making mRNA from DNA
81
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed where in the cell?
nucleus
82
What is meant by evolutionary fitness?
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
83
What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships found in nature?
Mutualistic, parasitic, commensalism
84
What is natural selection?
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully
85
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because:
ENERGY FLOWS IN ONE DIRECTION AND NUTRIENTS RECYCLE
86
The different taxons from largest to smallest are:
KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
87
Which type of fungi harm other organisms while living directly on them or in them?
PARASITES
88
What type of relationship occurs when both organisms benefit from the association with one another?
Mutualistic relationship
89
A spider can weave a web without being taught this is an example of....
INNATE BEHAVIOR
90
Draw a punnett square: A heterozygous (Bb) and a homozygous dominant (BB) have offspring. What is the probability they will have homozygous recessive offspring?
0%
91
What level of organization is the smallest level that includes different species?
Community
92
What level of organization contains only 1 species that lives in the same habitat?
Population
93
What is learned behavior?
Behavior that changes due to experience
94
What are 3 differences between plant and animal cells?
Plants have Chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole and animals do not
95
How does energy flow through the following organisms: carnivore, herbivore, autotroph?
Autotroph, herbivore, carnivore

10th Grade (26 decks)

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