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Hinduism / Buddhism Test Review Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Indus Valley Civilizations

A

The Indus Valley Civilizations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro flourish on the banks of the
The Indus River from 3000 BCE to 1750 BCE The people were polytheistic. Many Hindu myths come from this period.

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2
Q

Hindu Trinity: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

A
  • Brahma: creator of universe (4 faces, not used widespread)
  • Vishnu: preserver (loving/forgiving and brings salvation, has many avatars and appears on earth to conquer evil and righteousness)
  • Shiva: destroyer and restorer (active energy)
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3
Q

Brahman

A

the universal soul and supreme being

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4
Q

shakti

A

equal feminine energy, gods strength comes from female side

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5
Q

avatar

A

diety’s earthly form ex. Krishna of Vishnu

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6
Q

atman

A

they believe that when you die your soul finds another body

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7
Q

karma

A

performing good deeds, spiritual exercises and mediation, you can reborn to a higher form in the future (not instant karma, lifetime of good/bad karma will direct the atman to its next body during reincarnation)

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8
Q

dharma

A

is your duty related to family and caste

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9
Q

moksha

A

to be liberated from cycle of rebirth (prisoners of the wheel of life) (samsara)

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10
Q

samsara

A

continual rebirth / cycle (death and soul finding another body)

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11
Q

brahmin

A

member of highest hindu caste, priests

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12
Q

kshatriya

A

member of the military caste, warriors and rulers

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13
Q

vaishya

A

middle class, skilled labourers

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14
Q

sudra

A

member of lowest hindu caste serve upper castes, low skilled, servants, unclean work

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15
Q

untouchables

A

not apart of system, strict rulers, born into it can’t escape

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16
Q

diwali

A

-festival of lights
-celebrates victory of good or evil
-wear new clothes
-vegetarian feast is prepared after a prayer (puja)
-honors Lakshmi (goddess of wealth) and vishnu
-remembers Rama’s return after defeating the demon king Ravana

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17
Q

Holi

A

-festival of colors, celebrates spring and victory of good
-full moon of last hindu calendar month
-begins with bonfire symbolizing the burning of evil
-prahalad survived fire due to his faith
-throwing colored water, sharing sweets, eating
-symbolizes joy, good over evil, and renewal

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18
Q

guru

A

a spiritual teacher

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19
Q

pilgrimage

A

journey to sacred places like the ganges river

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20
Q

mantra

A

sacred syllables or phrase repeated in meditation

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21
Q

puja

A

worship ritual involving offerings to deities

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22
Q

yoga

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A

physical and spiritual discipline to attain union with divine

23
Q

OM (AUM)

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A

Sacred sound chanted during meditation, contains secrets of the universe, essence of true knowledge. Believed to be first sound and most sacred, symbolizing past, present and future

24
Q

Swastika

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A

represents well being, red, commonly put on wedding invitations, corrupted by nazis

25
Nataraj
represents Shiva as the Lord of the Dance, playing on drum symbolizes sound, speech, and diving true, dance symbolizes energy and endless cycle of creation and destruction
26
Forehead marks (Bindi, Tilak)
- talak: represent a particular god that a devotee worships, worn during festivals. - Bindi: red dot signifies woman is married and should be respected
27
Gandhi (Ahimsa):
Promoted non-violence (ahimsa) and led India to independence; considered a spiritual figure influenced by Hindu values.
28
stages of life
- Student: disciplined mind & body, gain knowledge, learn rituals and show respect - Householder: marriage, care for family, give to charity - Forest Dweller: retirement, transfer duties to other family members, participate in pilgrimages -Ascetic: give up worldly life, wander, meditate, attain salvation
29
vedas - scripture
-oldest sacred texts in Hinduism -means knowledge -believe they were revealed by the gods -wisdom, verses, and ritual rules -brahmins experts at understanding -rig veda is most important -final: Upanishads: teachings form conversations with a guru -The Upanishads are considered the heart of Hindu teachings.
30
4 sights
-old age -sickness -death -a holy man (wandering ascetic)
31
the middle way
path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification. leads to wisdom, morality, and mental discipline
32
enlightenment
siddhartha attained enlightenment while meditating under the Boddhi Tree, gaining insight into the nature of suffering and the path to liberation
33
nirvana and parinirvana
nirvana is the ultimate goal- greedom from suffering and the cycle of rebirth. parinivrvana refers to the final passing beyond rebirth, achieved by the Buddha at his death
34
first sermon
delivered at Deer Park in Sarnath; introduced the four noble truths and the eightfold path
35
buddhim's origins matching
kept: karma, dharma, samsara, moksha, ahimsa, mediation rejected: caste system, atman (no permanent self)
36
anicca
all things are impermanent and constantly changing
37
dukkha
suffering exists and is part of life
38
anatta
no permanent, unchanging self or soul
39
ahimsa
non-violence to all living beings
40
the 4 noble truths
1. Life is full of suffering (dukkha). 2. Suffering is caused by desire (tanha). 3. Ending desire ends suffering. 4. The way to end suffering is through the Eightfold Path.
41
meditation
A central practice to cultivate mindfulness, concentration, and insight leading to enlightenment.
42
mudras
Hand gestures used in meditation and art that symbolize various spiritual concepts and states of mind.
43
sitting buddha
-meditation posture -peaceful expression --represents enlightenment -symbol of serenity and focus
44
lotus flower
symbolizes purity and spirituality awakening rising from the murky waters of suffering
45
stupa
dome-shaped structure containing Buddhist relics; represents the Buddha's presence
46
wheel of law
symbol of the eightfold path and the buddha's teaching (dharma)
47
mandala
intricate design symbolizing the universe and used in meditation
48
Theravada - division (tripitaka, arhat)
-Tripitaka: Sacred text -Arhat: One who achieves enlightenment for themselves
49
Mahayana (Sutras, Bodhisattva)
Sutras: Broader range of texts including the Lotus Sutra Bodhisattva: Compassionate being who delays nirvana to help others
50
vajrayana
Emphasizes rituals, mantras, and spiritual energy; Tibetan Buddhism
51
zen (koans)
Japanese tradition focusing on meditation and solving paradoxical riddles to gain insight
52
dalai lama
tibetan buddhist leader promoting peace
53
tibet-china conflict
religious and political struggles; dalai lama in exile

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