bio recap

Question 1

what is the nervous system

Answer 1

this is a specialised network of cells in the human body and is our primary communication system

Question 2

what is the central nervous system

Answer 2

it is where information is processed, interpretated and stored
then issued to the glands, muscles and organs

Question 3

what is the brain

Answer 3

centre of all are conscious awareness

Question 4

what is the spinal cord

Answer 4

the bridge between the brain and the PNS and it receives and transmits info to and from the brain
- a bundle of nerves that runs from you brain along a canal in your backbone

Question 5

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

it transmits information to and from the CNS

Question 6

what is the somatic nervous system

Answer 6

transmits sensory and motor signals to and from the CNS
- enables reflex action
- deals with external environment
-controls the skeletal muscles
-voluntary process as the conscious is required

Question 7

what is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

controls the functions of organs and glands by transmitting info to and from internally
- the movement of non-skeletal muscles
- involuntary process ad conscious isn’t required

Question 8

what is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

prepares us for ‘flight or fight’
- mobilizes body for action and energy is an output
- increase body activities

Question 9

what is the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

conserves the energy to maintain a quiet state
decrease body activities
function under relaxed conditions

Question 10

what is the purpose of a neuron

Answer 10

to transmit signals for communication

Question 11

what is the function of a sensory neuron

Answer 11

carry sensory nerve impulses to the CNS
and then once it reaches the brain it turns the electrical impulse into ‘sensations’
- Found in the PNS
- not always sent to the brain after sc

Question 12

what is the structure of the sensory neuron

Answer 12

• short axons
• long dendrites
• 1 axon that is split into 2 branches
• afferent neuron
• unipolar

Question 13

what is the function of a relay neuron

Answer 13

allows the sensory and motor neurons to communicate as connect various neurons with the CNS

Question 14

what is the structure of the relay neuron

Answer 14

• long dendrites
• long/short axons
• 1 axon and several dendrites
• multipolar

Question 15

what is the function of a motor neuron

Answer 15

when stimulated it releases neurotransmitters that bind to the receptors to trigger a response
- Found in CNS
- controls muscle movement as response leads to movement
- carry signals away from CNS towards muscles

Question 16

what is the structure of a motor neuron

Answer 16

• short dendrites
• long axon
• 1 axon
• several dendrites
• efferent neuron
• multipolar

Question 17

what is an afferent neuron

Answer 17

transmits signals away from the CNS

Question 18

what is an efferent neuron

Answer 18

transmits signals towards to the CNS

Question 19

what is a unipolar neuron

Answer 19

only transmits signals

Question 20

what is a multipolar neuron

Answer 20

it transmits and receives signals

Question 21

what is the axons function

Answer 21

• carry signals away from the cell body to the axon terminal to transmits electrical signals to other neurons, muscles, glands

Question 22

what is the function of an axon termina

Answer 22

transmit signals to other neurons

Question 23

what is the function of a dendrite

Answer 23

receive information from neurons and then transmit it to the cell body

Question 24

what is the function of the cell body

Answer 24

to maintain the cell and keep the neuron functioning efficiently

Question 25

what is the function of a myelin sheath

Answer 25

- it insulates 1 nerve cell from another - prevents the impulse of 1 neuron interfering with the impulse of another

Question 26

what is the function of a node of ranvier

Answer 26

allows energy to flow through - as allows electrical activity and effectively depolarized

Question 27

what does the term synaptic transmission refer too

Answer 27

how the nervous system transmits information across a synaptic gap from one neuron to another - by using neurotransmitters

Question 28

what is the process of reuptake

Answer 28

the neurotransmitters are broke down by the enzymes in the synaptic cleft - then re-absorbed back into the vesicles ready to be used again

Question 29

what is the excitatory effect

Answer 29

'excited' they are positive neurotransmitters that bind to receptors - make the neuron more likely to fire the electrical impulse

Question 30

what is the inhibitory effect

Answer 30

not excited' - they have a negative charge on the neurotransmitters as don't want to bind to the receptors - makes the neurons less likely to fire the electrical impulse

Question 31

what is the endocrine system

Answer 31

the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate differently body processes - slow process as has to travel through the blood stream

Question 32

what are the 7 glands the endocrine system is made up of

Answer 32

- pituitary gland - pineal gland - pancreas - parathyroid gland - adrenal gland - thyroid gland -ovaries/ testicles

Question 33

what is the pituitary gland

Answer 33

'the MASTER' -release hormones that control the endocrine system

Question 34

what is the problem if the pituitary gland isn't regulated

Answer 34

it will release excess or not enough of the hormones

Question 35

what is the function of the parathyroid gland

Answer 35

to control calcium and mineral levels

Question 36

what is the hormones released by the thyroid gland

Answer 36

thyroxine

Question 37

what is the function of the thyroid gland

Answer 37

- control the body's metabolism - regulate growth and maturity

Question 38

what is the problem if thyroxine isn't regulated

Answer 38

the body's cells work faster then normal and if too much released, it is called hypothyroidism

Question 39

what is the adrenal gland

Answer 39

it produces a variety of hormones and split into an inner and outer area

Question 40

what is the inner area of the adrenal gland

Answer 40

adrenal medulla

Question 41

what is the adrenal medulla

Answer 41

produces adrenaline in the 'fight of flight' response

Question 42

what is the outer area of the adrenal gland

Answer 42

adrenal cortex

Question 43

what is the adrenal cortex

Answer 43

it stimulates the release of glucose and supports the immune system eg) hormone is several by their is gluocorticoids

Question 44

what is the ovaries and testicles function

Answer 44

produce sex hormones which aids development of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 45

what is the role of adrenaline

Answer 45

boosts oxygen supply glucose - helps the body respond to the stressor quickly by allowing it to stop the non-emergency process - so all energy supplied are ready to fight the stressor which causes the 'rush'

Question 46

what 7 things happem immedailty when adrenaline and noradrenaline is released

Answer 46

- increased heart rate - increased breathing - glucose released - pupil dilation - reduced activity with digestion - mouth feels dry as saliva production inhibited - relaxation of bronchi in lungs

Question 47

what does the parasympathetic branch do in the 'fight of flight' response

Answer 47

- involved when the body is trying to conserve and store resources - monitors the relaxed state - promotes digestion - makes body back to equilibrium afterwards