bio unit 2 vocab

Question 1

process by which the nucleus is divided into two nuclei (division of nuclear/genetic material), each with same number of chromosomes

Answer 1

mitosis

Question 2

one of the distinct strands(a copy of the the other) that makes up a duplicated chromosome

Answer 2

sister chromatids

Question 3

type of RNA that carries amino acids

Answer 3

tRNA

Question 4

structure that attaches pairs of chromatids to one another

Answer 4

centromere

Question 5

the time between divisions when the DNA synthesis and growth occurs

Answer 5

interphase

Question 6

change in one or a few nucleotides bases

Answer 6

point mutation

Question 7

based on Chargaff’s rule regarding the number of A=T and number of C=G

Answer 7

base pairing

Question 8

formed during cytokinesis in plant cell

Answer 8

cell plate

Question 9

in animal cells this structure aids in mitosis

Answer 9

centriole

Question 10

the twisted ladder shape of DNA formed by hydrogen bonds between bases

Answer 10

double helix

Question 11

process by which message on mRNA is decoded into a polypeptide chain/protein

Answer 11

translation

Question 12

series of steps that include interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis where a cell grows, and divides to make an identical copy of itself.

Answer 12

cell cycle

Question 13

insertion or deletion of nitrogen bases causing a change in the grouping of codons

Answer 13

frameshift mutation

Question 14

is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their growth rate since they do not respond to normal cell cycle control mechanisms and will divide continuously

Answer 14

cancer

Question 15

Invented X-Ray diffraction technique for discovery of structure of DNA

Answer 15

Rosalind Franklin

Question 16

type of RNA found in ribosome and helps with the translation

Answer 16

rRNA

Question 17

phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane reforms around the new nucleus

Answer 17

telophase

Question 18

a series of 3 bases on tRNA that pair with the codon on mRNA

Answer 18

anticodon

Question 19

process where a cell cytoplasm is divided

Answer 19

cytokinesis

Question 20

monomer of DNA and RNA that is made up of a sugar, phosphate and a nitrogenous base

Answer 20

nucleotide

Question 21

football shaped structure that aids in the movement of chromosomes

Answer 21

spindle fiber

Question 22

DNA makes an identical copy of itself during interphase

Answer 22

replication

Question 23

series of three bases in a strand of DNA or mRNA

Answer 23

codon

Question 24

the 5’ end of mRNA connects to this structure and code is read and translated and a protein is made - site of protein synthesis

Answer 24

ribosome

Question 25

the stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up on the equator

Answer 25

metaphase

Question 26

a haploid sperm or egg formed as a result of meiosis

Answer 26

gamete

Question 27

a diploid body cell for growth and repair made by the process of mitosis

Answer 27

somatic cell

Question 28

process in which a section of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA

Answer 28

transcripton

Question 29

phase of the interphase when DNA synthesis and replication occurs

Answer 29

S phase

Question 30

the 1st growth phase of interphase

Answer 30

G1 phase

Question 31

conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein

Answer 31

gene expression

Question 32

the process by which genes are "turned on" or expressed in different cell types

Answer 32

differential gene expression

Question 33

*is the process during development where newly formed cells become more specialized and distinct from one another as they mature.

Answer 33

cell differentiation

Question 34

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Answer 34

cell division

Question 35

is the process during development where newly formed cells become more specialized and distinct from one another as they mature.

Answer 35

cell specialization

Question 36

ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment

Answer 36

gene regulation