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9th grade > hum geo popuplation unit 2 > Flashcards

hum geo popuplation unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

pouplation distrubution

A

where people live in a geographic area. Is influenced by physical, enviromental, and human factors.

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2
Q

pouplation distrubution patterns

A

unifrom, clusters, linear, disperased, random

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3
Q

where do most people live

A

areas with low elevation, temperate climate, and accessibility to water Where they are able to meet basic needs.

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4
Q

climate

A

long term pattern in weaather

30 to 60 north and sotuh have temperate climates
60 to 90 north and south have freezing cold climates

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5
Q

flat low laying areas are

A

good for easy building, planting, and transporting goods

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6
Q

River Vally are

A

rich in soil, support dense pouplations

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7
Q

aqufiers

A

underground water sources

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8
Q

Economic factros as to where people live

A

live where they can earn a living, where technocgy and infrastructure is high,

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9
Q

political factros as to where people live

A

people may not live in areas with war or political instability

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10
Q

cultural factros as to where people live

A

housing avilibity, saftery, acess to transportation, can be dur to religion and certain roles in society

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11
Q

Historical factros as to where people live

A

places with more people in the now have a long history of hisrty habitaton in the past

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12
Q

2/3 of the worlds pouplation is clustered in

A

India, Pakistan, Bagaledesh, Chna, Japan, The islands

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13
Q

emerginf pouplation clusters

A

notheastern U.S and Sub Saharan Africa

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14
Q

sotht africa

A

least urbanized but fastest urbanizing

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15
Q

humans aviod to live in places

A

with dry, wet, cold, high lands

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16
Q

Ecumene

A

places of permenant human settlemet

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17
Q

consequences of pouplation distrubution social

A

can affect the quality of life, providing services to a culutered pop is easer than dispersed pop. Clustered pouplations have more public services.

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18
Q

evenly dispered poplated areas

A

core more developed countires

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19
Q

scattered pouplations

A

periphery less developed countries

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20
Q

consequences of pouplation distrubution Impact on Environment

A

can create strain on arebel land and resources, increased risk of an area exceding its carrying capacity, risk of evironmetal degradation.

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21
Q

DEpendacy ratio

A

the number of people in the dependatn age group divided by the number of people in the working are group. times 100

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22
Q

15 to 65 age

A

potiental workforce

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23
Q

15 under and 65 over

A

youth and elderly dependats

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24
Q

Dependacy rations can help to

A

compare societies over time, compare different areas, show current anf futre productivity, predict challenges for the future

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24
Factors that affect sex ratio
child mortalit, coutres with high immigration for men, deaths of men in war, cultural perferance for boys.
25
what is the pouplation replacemtn level
the # of childern needd to keep the county's pouplation constant. 2 childern per womam
25
Crude Birth RAte
the number od births ina year, can show how developed a country is
25
Total fertility rate
the averge number of childern one woman will have in her child bearing years
26
Crude Death Rate
the number od deaths in pouplation
27
causes and effects of CDR
A high CDR is a result from a high number of natural deaths among old people when that segment is a large % of the Population A high CDR can result from unclean water, inadequate health care, and poor housing The CDR can spike due to natural disasters or increase for longer periods due to disease or war.
28
Demographic Transtion model
represents the shifts in growth that he world’s populations have undergone over time Each stage of The DTM is characterized by the relationship between birth rates and death rates Geographers use the DTM to better understand the relative stability of population and the factors that have contributed to population growth. According to the model, all regions, countries, and societies go through the first 4 stages and they rarely return to an earlier stage.
29
DTM stage one
- there is never a stage one coutnry - pre - industrial age, early times, Dark Ages -Less food no health -agrarian society ( agricultural society) -High birth rate, no birth control -High death rate because of low standard of living and no medical care
30
Stage 2 DTM
Industrial Revolution/new inventions Warming period : more food = more people = not everybody needed to farm = Industrial Revolution = Agricultural revolution = Urban revolutio : THESE LED TO STAGE 3 Farming and Medicine starting to emerge Death rates begin to fall because of higher food supply and medical advancements Birth rates are still high Life expect each begins to increase due to agricultural production CBR = High CDR= Rapidly decreasing Population increase Secondary economic sector
31
stage 3 DTM
India, Mexico, China mature industrial economy both rates droptor fertility begins to fall as more children live to begin adults Higher standards of living makes having kids expensive small families population growth slows more people living in cities/ less babies tertiary sector CBR = decreasing CDR = Decreasing
32
stage 4 DTM
U.S, Canada post industrial economy more recent birth and death rates and very low population grows slowly or can even begin decrease Birth and Death rates are stable CBR, CDR, Population : Stable ZPG : zero Pouplation growth
33
stage 5 DTM
taly, Germany, Japan in stage 5 Countries that are deindustrializing Going from manufacturing to service and information based on industries Countries facing negative birth rates, people not replacing themselves Death rate stays the same CDR = stable CBR = has potential to fall below the death rate Population has potential to drop
34
DTM overall overveiw of countires
stage 1 and 2 - developing periphery stage 3 - Newly Industrail countries, Semi periphery stage 4 and 5 - More developloed countries, core counties
35
Epidemilogic trasition model
Describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution - largely as the result of changes causes death. explains causes of changing death rates
36
ETM stage 1
famine death rate high life expectecy low
37
ETM stage 2
Receding pandemic Disease medice lowers spread of infection death rate decreases and life expectancy increases
38
ETM stage 3
degenerative and huma created diseass diseases due to aging death rate low life expectancy increases
39
ETM stage 4
delayed degetnrattive diseases medice slows down death rate life expectancy at its highest
40
REemergence of infectious dieases
increased proverty. Increased interconnectedness - connected through trains, plans, and evolving bacterias/virus life expectacy decreases
41
Limitations of ETM
focuses only on health-related factors, usually diseases Overlooks the role of poverty, when determining disease risk and mortality It is unknown how human caused environmental factors might affect the causes of mortality as described in the ETM.
42
Nonvectored disease
spread directly from person to person
43
Vectored disease
spread through insect,
44
Endemic
present in small areas - the Swine flu
45
Epidemic
spreads over large regions - Ebola
45
Pandemic
spreads world wide - Covid
46
Demographic Momentum :
A tendency for growing populations to continue to grow even after decline, because of young age distribution
47
Megalopolis
A string of cities where it is hard to tell, where one city ends and where one city begins. Bosnywash- Boston, New York, Washington
48
SINKS, DINKS
Single income no kids Double income no kids
49
Conurbation
When people are older they move into the city or into more rural areas. Moving away from urban areas.
50
Mega city
- A city that has 10 million or more has good infrastructure: public transportation, communication, health care. t, education, communication
51
Metacity
20 million or more people Has even more services and higher infrastructure- transportation, education, health, communication
52
economic conswquneses of changes in pouplatin size
- A grwoing pouplation creates greater demand for homes, goods, and services. As demand outgrows supply the price of goods increase - a shrinking pouplation leads to vacen properties in cities and a decrease in business
53
political conswquneses of changes in pouplatin size
goverments must cope with a grwoing pouplation's need for infrastructure
53
environmental conswquneses of changes in pouplatin size
- a rapidly growing pouplation may exceed the land's carrying capacity - land degradation: long term damage to the soil's ability to support life may result from overuse of resources .
53
Social challenges of aging population :
traditional family dynamics may be challenged Fewer young people are available or choose to care for aging parents at home.
53
Social benefits of aging population
Retired grandparents can take care of grandchildren, no day care elderly people strengthen community and family networks. women’s changing roles in society
53
economic benefits of aging population
Older adults send money on food, clothing, housing, and entertainment. Retirees contribute volunteer hours which can reduce the government's burden. The elderly are less likely to commit crimes and do not attend public school, both of which represent the major expenditures for local governments.
54
ecomic challenges of aging population
Retirees pay less in income taxes Long term health care can be costly
54
political results of aging population
Changes in the voting demographic may influence who is elected and what policies are enacted.
55
Thmoas Malthus
believed that the world was recklessly procreating and that the population was going to overrun the food source. Wanted to kill the poor, mental disability, and physical disabilities to lower the population. But the world did not run out of food. GMO, fertilizers - chemicals, pesticides } have helped to create more crops, he did not think about that, he was wrong
56
Ester Boserup
said that farmers will always find a way to feed the people no matter what.
57
neo-mathusians
believed that malthus was rihgt, even tody. They focus on the damage done to the enviromnement by having too many people . Pacticulrty the role weathy countris of the world.
58
arithimic density
number of people per square mile, just pouplation density
59
Physiological density
the number of people per unit of arbale land
60
Agicultural density
the number of famers per unit of arable land.

9th grade (88 decks)

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