unit 1b bio - matter and energy

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

can be conserved, tanserved, and recycled

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

can be trnaformed or tranfered. But can not be recycled.

Question 3

quick explanation of photosynthesis

Answer 3

converts matter inot a usable form

Question 4

quick explantion of cellular respriation

Answer 4

tranfers energy into usable form

Question 5

matter detailed explantion

Answer 5

matter is conserved in chemical reactions, meaning the total amout remains constant even when it changes form. Int he photosynthesis matter is cahnged to uable fomr glucose. in the reactions number of moleces is the same.

Question 6

energy detialed explantion

Answer 6

energy transferred from one form to another. Photosynthesis captures light energy and sotes it glucose as chemical bonds, while cellular respriation realeases this sotred enrgy in an usable form for the cell like ATP.

Question 7

photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle

Answer 7

phto converts light enegy and stores it as chemical energy in the bonds of lucose. The, cellrespeation converts the chemical energy for ATP for cells to use.

Question 8

key point for outputa and inputs

Answer 8

the outputs of one of the process becomes the input for the other. shows a continous cycle.

Question 9

cellular respiration equation

Answer 9

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 10

Autotroph

Answer 10

• producers
• can make their own food using sunlight
• plants, algi, some bacteira

Question 11

photosyntheis equation

Answer 11

6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 12

heterotroph

Answer 12

• consumers
• can not build their own food
• animals, fungi, and most bacteria

Question 13

stomata

Answer 13

leaves have opeaniga called stomata that is used to exchange gases . CO2 and oxygen

Question 14

xylem

Answer 14

leaaves have xylem for water transport

Question 15

phloem

Answer 15

leaves have phloem for sugar transport.

Question 16

mesophyll

Answer 16

the mesophyll cells have the chloroplasts

Question 17

the 2 main parts of chloroplasts

Answer 17

Grana, and Stroma

Question 18

Grana

Answer 18

has stacks of thylakois Which are flattened sturctures that have chlorophyll

Question 19

stroma

Answer 19

the gell like space outside of the thylakoid

Question 20

chlorophyll

Answer 20

• the main pigment in chloroplast that absobs light
• absobs mostly violet blue light anf re-orange light

Question 21

2 steps of photosyntheisi

Answer 21

1- light dependant reactionand 2 - light indepndant reaction/ calvin cycle

Question 22

light dependant reaction

Answer 22

• occus in thylakind
• water and sunlight needed
• oxygen is realseaed

Question 23

indepndant reaction/ calvin cycle

Answer 23

• occus in stroma
• need co2
• uses energy from light dependant reaction to build sugars.

Question 24

light affecting photpsyntheisis

Answer 24

low liight = low rae of photosytheiss
- light past the optimun has no effect

• the smae with co2

Question 25

temperature affecting photosyntheisi

Answer 25

- incrasing or decraing past optimum as result in lower rates . - this is beacause the enzymes are cataylased

Question 26

ATP and ADP cycle

Answer 26

- energy realsed by bearking the chemical bond in the 2nd and 3rd phosphate. this is where ATP becomes ADP. then energy can be soted agagin as the 3rd phostpat eis added back. happed back and forth

Question 27

hydrolysis

Answer 27

realease of energy

Question 28

synthesis

Answer 28

building of energy

Question 29

where does cellular respriration occur

Answer 29

in ekarityes occurs in mitochondira and in prokayotes occues in the cell membrane

Question 30

2 kinds of cellular resriation

Answer 30

aerobic and anorobic

Question 31

aerobis

Answer 31

- with oxygen - makes 36-38 atps - more effective and used in more complex cells

Question 32

anaerobic

Answer 32

- without oxygen - makes 2 ATp ineffeive for simplir cells

Question 33

steps in serobic respiration

Answer 33

1- glycolyssis - happens in cytoplam where glocose is boken down and make 2 atp 2- krebs cycle - happens in mitochondria , co2 is realesed and 2 atp 3- Electrom tranposrt chain (ETC) - happne sin mitochondira , 32-34 apt and water released

Question 34

steps of anaerobic respiration

Answer 34

-1 glycolysis : created 2 atp and 2 - lactic acid or alcholic fermentation

Question 35

alcholoic fermenation

Answer 35

- occurs in fungi, yeast, and bacterial cells, by product is ethyl achohol and co2

Question 36

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 36

- occus in muscle cells, - by product is lactic acid, the build up of this acid causes sore muscles.