bio unit 6 vocab Flashcards
(24 cards)
a protein coat that protects the nucleic acid in a virus
capsid
Cells of immune system produced in thymus that can produce Killer T -cells that directly attack infected cells or can activate other cells like B cells. The cells targeted by HIV.
T lymphocytes (T cells)
a disease causing agent
pathogen
non-cellular infectious particle with genetic material and protein
virus
2nd line immune response where histamines are released to increase blood flow, and white blood cells
inflammatory response
drugs used to treat bacterial infections
antibiotics
injection of a weakened or dead virus to stimulate an immune response
vaccine
Cell unit of nervous system that transmits messages
neuron
chemicals that transmit nerve impulses across synapse
neurotransmitters
the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that accelerate or increase that change
positive feedback
an internal change is sensed, mechanisms to reverse the change are activated to return to set point
negative feedback
a foreign substance that causes immune system to produce antibodies
antigen
gland that releases hormones directly into bloodstream. Ex. Pancreas, Thyroid, Pituitary
endocrine gland
chemical produced by glands that affect cellular activities
hormone
The way an organism monitors its needs and maintains equilibrium of temperature, sugar etc.. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
feedback mechanisms
using a replacement machine to filter wastes, fluids, and salts from the blood, when both kidneys of the excretory system are ineffective in filtering the blood
dialysis
Protect the body in general against any and all pathogens by defenses such as skin, tears etc.
Non-specific defenses
A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron in the skin and a motor neuron in the muscle that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus, often without conscious brain involvement.
reflex arc
developed and given each year because the surface protein in the variant is structurally different from the original viral protein
Flu vaccination
The branch of acquired specific immunity that involves the activation of killer T cells, which defend against infected cells.
cell-mediated immune response
The branch of acquired specific immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against pathogens.
humoral immune response
B Cells that remain in reserve to respond to next infection by rapidly producing antibodies
memory B cells
Specialized proteins produced by B cells that attach to antigens for the macrophages to destroy
Antibodies
Cells activated by T cells that create specific antibodies for isolating and destroying invading viruses and pathogens.
B cells
